We report a three dimensional (3D) quantitative visualization of a mammalian mitochondrion by coherent x-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) using synchrotron radiation. The internal structures of a mitochondrion from a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) were visualized by tomographic imaging at approximately 60 nm resolution without the need for sectioning or staining. The overall structure consisted of a high electron density region, composed of the outer and inner membranes and the cristae cluster, which enclosed the lower density mitochondrial matrix. The average mass density of the mitochondrion was about 1.36 g/cm3. Sectioned images of the cristae reveal that they have neither a baffle nor septa shape but were instead irregular. In addition, a high resolution, about 14 nm, 2D projection image was captured of a similar mitochondrion with the aid of strongly scattering Au reference objects. Obtaining 3D images at this improved resolution will allow CXDI to be an effective and nondestructive method for investigating the innate structure of mitochondria and other important life supporting organelles.
The Neuroform stent is a device specifically designed for use in cerebral vessels and is increasingly being used in the embolization of broad-necked aneurysms, but long-term results are unsatisfactory. Reconstructive treatments using stents improve the occlusion rate and protect parent vessels. Stent-assisted coiling of broad-necked cerebral aneurysms is a technique that has rendered most aneurysms amenable to coiling. Recently, the use of stent-assisted coiling with preservation of the parent vessel lumen has been described in some series. Several studies have shown that with the advances in device technology intracranial stenting is feasible even in the distal part of the ICA. But, endovascular treatment of these aneurysms (small parent vessel less than 2.0 mm) in Neuroform stent-assisted coiling has no clinical applications. These lesions have seemed more difficult to treat than other aneurysms because of subsequent thrombus formation and vessel trauma after stent deployment and navigation. The purpose of this study was to review the safety and durability of our aneurysms treated with stent-assisted coiling of ruptured aneurysms with small parent vessesl.
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