In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), maintaining a high coverage and extending the network lifetime are two conflicting crucial issues considered by real world service providers. In this paper, we consider the coverage optimization problem in WSN with three objectives to strike the balance between network lifetime and coverage. These include minimizing the energy consumption, maximizing the coverage rate and maximizing the equilibrium of energy consumption. Two improved hybrid multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, namely Hybrid-MOEA/D-I and Hybrid-MOEA/D-II, have been proposed. Based on the well-known MOEA/D algorithm, Hybrid-MOEA/D -I hybrids a genetic algorithm and a differential evolutionary algorithm to effectively optimize sub-problems of the multi-objective optimization problem in WSN. By integrating a discrete particle swarm algorithm, we further enhance solutions generated by Hybrid-MOEA/D-I in a new Hybrid-MOEA/D-II algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed Hybrid-MOEA/D-I and Hybrid-MOEA/D-II algorithms have a significantly better performance compared with existing algorithms in the literature in terms of all the objectives concerned.
The performance of the heterogeneous protocols in terms of stability and network lifetime, DEEC preformed better as compare to others protocols. It is compare the different levels of DEECs performance in terms of number of node alive, number of node fail, stability, network lifetime and energy. Nodes are randomly deployed and each node has initially limited energy. Sensor nodes transmit sensed information to the sink or Base Station (BS) with minimum time delay. When the large numbers of rounds max R have been involved in the system, the energy has been sharply decreases, so the first node has been died due to low battery and the connection has been broken. Thus, result in unsuccessful information transmission. To overcome this problem, the simulation results of the heterogeneous protocols performance in term of network lifetime, number of nodes alive during rounds and data packets sent to BS.
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