This study is based on the non-financial companies within the fragile five countries (Turkey, Brazil, South Africa, India and Indonesia) during the period of 2004-2013. The factors affecting capital structure were assessed along with micro and macro variables for these countries. The micro variables (firm specific) included in the model were the debt taken in the previous year, firm size, growth, industry debt average, and the tangibility and profitability ratio; GDP growth, inflation and exchange rate change were included in the model as macroeconomic variables. Also, the effects of financial crises were analyzed by treating pre-and post-2008 crisis periods separately. Panel data analysis techniques are used to identify the relationships between these determinants and capital structure. The relationship between the real effective exchange rate and the debt ratio was positive in the precrisis five-country model, but it turned negative in the post-crisis model. A statistically significant relationship was discovered between the GDP growth rate and the debt ratio only for Turkey for the full period (2004-2013) and for India for the period between 2006 and 2013. On the other hand, a positive relationship was found between the inflation rate and the debt ratio for the general (2004-2013) and post-crisis models.
This paper aims to analyze relationship between Mobile penetration and various indicators of communication infrastructure throughout OECD countries. Panel data is utilized for the purpose of this study. In order to control network effects as well as the endogeneity of variables, the Arellano-Bond dynamic panel estimation is adopted. In particular, this paper attempts to identify what are the factors to promote the 3G mobile phone by using dynamic panel data analysis. In constructing an estimation model, Cellular mobile penetration is taken as a dependent variable, while various technical and economic variables are selected as independent variables. The obtained results can be used to forecast adoption of New Broadband Penetration technology.
2019 yılı sonuna gelindiğinde dünya Çin'de ortaya çıkan yeni bir tür koronavirüs ve ilerleyen zamanlarda bu virüsün yol açtığı pandemi halini alacak Covid-19 hastalığı ile karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Ülkeler başta sağlık alanında olmak üzere ekonomik, finansal, sosyal açılardan bu salgın ile mücadeleye girişmiştir. Pandeminin olumsuz etkileri kapsamında bağımsız denetimin de asli görevi olan işletmelerin finansal bilgilerine yönelik makul güvence sağlanması konusu önem kazanmış ve irdelenmesi gerekmiştir. Finansal hayattaki önemi sebebiyle bu durumun ciddi bir şekilde ele alınarak çözümler üretilmesi hayati öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada bu kapsamda Covid-19'un bağımsız denetime ve finansal raporlara muhtemel etkileri belirlenerek ele alınmış ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuştur.
The purpose of the study is to investigate crisis effects on the capital structure determinants for manufacturing companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market (ISE) in Turkey for the period 2005-2010. This period is divided into two parts: The period of 2005-2007 is used as pre-crisis period, and the period of 2008-2010 is used as a crisis period. The periods are compared to understand crisis effect on the capital structure determinants. The panel data analysis is used for this study. Short term, long term, and total debt ratios are used as a proxy for the analysis. The sample consists of 138 manufacturing companies in Turkey over the period of 2005-2010. As a result, manufacturing companies’ capital structure is usually determined in accordance with the financial hierarchy theory. During financial crisis, the effects of capital structure determinants deviate from expectations.
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