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Maintenance work is very important for the continuation of the long service periods planned in engineering structures. Some damage to the steel elements, such as the growth of the holes in the structure, leads to reduced buckling strength and shortened service life. Moreover, the criterion of the hole is uncertain for steel structures. For this reason, it is very important to predict and evaluate the buckling strength of a damaged structure and to take necessary measures. Therefore, in this article, a series of systematic experimental studies are carried out to calculate the buckling strength of elliptical perforated steel columns. Deformation shapes and load-displacement graphs of the test columns are plotted. In addition, the behavior of the column under axial load is analyzed by constructing a finite element model. Numerical simulations are performed with Dynaform finite element package. The effect of the elliptical hole on the column buckling strength by changing the width, height and center is investigated numerically and experimentally. Prepared samples are subjected to axial loading test and compared with numerical results. In light of the data obtained from the numerical results, the effect of the width, height and center of a single elliptical hole on the buckling strength of the column is clearly demonstrated.