This paper deals with optimal scheduling of networked microgrids (NMGs) considering resilience constraints. The proposed scheme attempts to mitigate the damaging impacts of electricity interruptions by effectively exploiting NMG capabilities. A three-stage framework is proposed. In Stage 1, the optimal scheduling of NMGs is studied through determining the power transaction between the NMGs and upstream network, the output power of distributed energy resources (DERs), commitment status of conventional DERs as well as demand-side reserves. In Stage 2, the decisions made at Stage 1 are realized considering uncertainties pertaining to renewable generation, market price, power consumption of loads, and unintentional islanding of NMGs from the upstream network and resynchronization. Stage 3 deals with uncertainties of unintentional islanding of each MG from the rest of islanded NMGs and resynchronization. The problem is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem and its effectiveness is assured by simulation studies.
This paper presents a multi-year transmission expansion planning (TEP) model which considers the transmission congestion and the impact of generation investment cost in the planning horizon. The Benders decomposition approach is utilized which decomposes TEP into a master problem and two subproblems representing security and optimal operation. The operation cost due to congestion (OCC) is considered in the proposed model given that the congestion level is a proper criterion for measuring the degree of competitiveness in an electricity market. The model evaluates sensitivity of the optimal TEP to congestion level, planning horizon, and financial constraints. Regulators can utilize the proposed results to provide long-term TEP to market players and to develop incentive mechanisms to trigger generation investments. The proposed approach is applied to a hypothetical system and Turkish power system.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.