In the last years attempts to develop a non-invasive glucose system based on the glucose levels in sweat have been studied. In this paper, 32 metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensors operating at different temperatures have been used to develop a multisensor olfactory system that allows to study the glucose levels in sweat. In order to develop repeatable experiments, artificial sweat at different glucose concentrations were developed in the laboratory. The obtained results suggest high viability of the approach. Although, the sensitivity of the sensors system needs to be improved.

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In the face of worldwide amphibian declines, integrative studies combining individual-based information and genetic data represent a powerful approach to produce robust, reliable, and comparable assessments of demographic dynamics. The Iberian painted frog (Discoglossus galganoi) is endemic to Spain and Portugal and shows decreasing population trends across its range, but few studies have attempted to estimate census sizes or assess genetic diversity in wild populations, and little is known about their reproductive biology. We applied an integrative approach based on the combination of capture-mark-recapture data and multilocus genotypes to monitor a breeding population of D. galganoi in central Spain during two consecutive breeding seasons, focusing on the estimation of demographic parameters and their temporal variation. Specifically, we estimated the number of adults (N a), the effective population size (N e), and the effective number of breeders (N b), as well as survival and migration rates. We documented a >50% decrease in the estimated number of adults of both sexes between the breeding seasons of 2018 and 2019, probably associated with reduced rainfall in the latter. Estimates of N b and the N b /N a ratio were low in both seasons, with a 20-30% decrease in N b and a 47% increase in the N b /N a ratio in 2019. Based on the reconstruction of pedigrees from larval and adult genotypes, we provide the first genetic evidence of polygamy in males and females of D. galganoi and the first estimates of breeding success in the species.

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In this paper an approach to develop a non-invasive glucose measured system based on the best linear approximation (BLA) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is presented. In order to test the advantages of the technique, three blood components at reference blood concentration are tested. In these solutions the level of glucose was varied from normal to pathological concentrations. The results show the ability of BLA-EIS to detect the glucose changes by combining the amplitude and phase behavior of the impedance.