Traditionally, rural areas in many countries are limited by a lack of access to health care due to the inherent challenges associated with recruitment and retention of healthcare professionals. Telemedicine, which uses communication technology to deliver medical services over distance, is an economical and potentially effective way to address this problem. In this research, we develop a new telepresence application using an Augmented Reality (AR) system. We explore the use of the Microsoft HoloLens to facilitate and enhance remote medical training. Intrinsic advantages of AR systems enable remote learners to perform complex medical procedures such as Point of Care Ultrasound (PoCUS) without visual interference. This research uses the HoloLens to capture the first-person view of a simulated rural emergency room (ER) through mixed reality capture (MRC) and serves as a novel telemedicine platform with remote pointing capabilities. The mentor’s hand gestures are captured using a Leap Motion and virtually displayed in the AR space of the HoloLens. To explore the feasibility of the developed platform, twelve novice medical trainees were guided by a mentor through a simulated ultrasound exploration in a trauma scenario, as part of a pilot user study. The study explores the utility of the system from the trainees, mentor, and objective observers’ perspectives and compares the findings to that of a more traditional multi-camera telemedicine solution. The results obtained provide valuable insight and guidance for the development of an AR-supported telemedicine platform.

Extended reality (XR) has emerged as an innovative simulation-based learning modality. An integrative review was undertaken to explore the nature of evidence, usage, and effectiveness of XR modalities in medical education. One hundred and thirty-three ( N = 133) studies and articles were reviewed. XR technologies are commonly reported in surgical and anatomical education, and the evidence suggests XR may be as effective as traditional medical education teaching methods and, potentially, a more cost-effective means of curriculum delivery. Further research to compare different variations of XR technologies and best applications in medical education and training are required to advance the field. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01698-4.

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A major drawback of most Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) used in immersive Virtual Reality (VR) is the visual and social isolation of users from their real-world surroundings while wearing these headsets. This partial isolation of users from the real-world might hinder social interactions with friends and family. To address this issue, we present a new method to allow people wearing VR HMDs to use their smartphones without removing their HMDs. To do this, we augment the scene inside the VR HMD with a view of the user's device so that the user can interact with the device without removing the headset. The idea involves the use of additional cameras, such as the Leap Motion device or a high-resolution RGB camera to capture the user's real-world surrounding and augment the virtual world with the content displayed on the smartphone screen. This setup allows VR users to have a window to their smartphone from within the virtual world and afford much of the functionality provided by their smartphones, with the potential to reduce undesirable visual and social isolation users may experience when using immersive VR HMDs.This work has been successfully submitted for presentation as a poster in the Computer and Robot Vision Conference 2017 in Edmonton, Alberta, and is scheduled to appear in the conference proceedings at the IEEE Xplore digital library later this year.ii

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