En Veracruz, la sequía terminal es el factor abiótico que más limita la producción de frijol Phaseolus vulgaris L. en el sistema de producción de humedad residual. Los objetivos de la investigación fueron: clasificar genotipos de frijol negro opaco por su resistencia a sequía e identificar los de mayor eficiencia en rendimiento en condiciones de riego y sequía terminal. En invierno-primavera de 2013, se condujeron dos experimentos en Cotaxtla, Veracruz; uno con riego completo y el otro con suspensión de riego a partir del inicio de floración. Se evaluaron 22 líneas y las variedades Negro INIFAP, Negro Tacaná y Negro Jamapa, en diseño experimental bloques al azar con tres repeticiones. Se cuantificó días a madurez fisiológica, producción de materia seca sin grano, vainas por planta, semillas por vaina, peso de 100 semillas y rendimiento de grano. Como estimadores de eficiencia se utilizaron los índices de susceptibilidad a sequía (ISS) y de eficiencia relativa del rendimiento (IER). El rendimiento y la cantidad de vainas por planta fueron las características más afectadas por la sequía terminal, con reducciones promedio de 41.39 y 29.97%. Con ISS menores a 0.81, NCB-229, SCN-2, Jamapa Plus y SEN-70 fueron los genotipos más resistentes a sequía, mientras que X0233-159-2, X02-33-147-2, B-98311, MBSF-14729 y Negro Jamapa, los más susceptibles. CIAT-103-25, SCN 2, SEN 70, NGO 17-99 y NCB 229, mostraron la mayor eficiencia en rendimiento con riego y sequía (IER mayor a 1.35), en tanto que X02-33-159-2, B-98311, MBSF-14729 y Negro Jamapa, tuvieron la menor eficiencia productiva.
Objective: to determine the reaction of 53 lines and three varieties of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to inoculation with Uromyces appendiculatus and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, to identify genotypes resistant to rust and anthracnose.Design/methodology/approach: 10 seedlings of each genotype were inoculated in the greenhouse with a suspension of U. appendiculatus uredospores and another 10 with a suspension of C. lindemuthianum conidia. At 14 days after inoculation, the reaction of the genotypes to rust was evaluated with a severity scale of 1 to 6, and to anthracnose, with ascale of 0 to 4. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design with 10 replications per treatment and LSD at 0.05 was applied for the separation of averages.Results: 41 genotypes showed a hypersensitivity reaction to rust, of which 25 had a reaction value of 2.0, statistically lower than those of controls. In turn, 45 genotypes were resistant to anthracnose, of which 18 had a value of 1.0, statistically similar to that of Negro Jamapa and lower than those of the rest of the genotypes.Study limitations/implications: due to the diversity of races of both pathogens, the genotypes were inoculated with monopustular isolates of the principal races of U. appendiculatus and with monosporic cultures of C. lindemuthianum, which occur in the bean crops of Veracruz and Chiapas.Findings/conclusions: 25 lines resistant to rust and 18 to anthracnose were identified, which stood out for presenting the least damage from these diseases.
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