S. G. Leitão wishes to dedicate this work in memory of Prof. Nikolai Sharapin who kindly introduced the author to the CYTED ProgramRESUMO: "Triagem de extratos de plantas das Américas Central e do Sul para atividade antimicobacteriana pelo teste do Alamar Blue". Quarenta e oito extratos brutos etanólicos e frações (em hexano, diclorometano, acetato de etila e n-butanol) de dez plantas brasileiras pertencentes às famílias Leguminosae, Monimiaceae e Verbenaceae; uma da Costa Rica (Verbenaceae) e uma da Argentina (Verbenaceae) foram ensaiados para verifi cação da atividade anti-micobacteriana contra Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC-27294 H 37 Rv), pelo teste do Alamar Blue, a uma concentração fi xa de 100 μg/mL. Dentre os quarenta e oito extratos e frações estudados, sete mostraram-se ativos na concentração ensaiada -frações em hexano e diclorometano de folhas de Lantana trifolia, extrato em metanol:água, 1:1 de cascas de Vitex cooperi, frações em hexano e diclorometano de folhas de Lippia lacunosa e de Lippia rotundifolia, sendo que todas essas plantas pertencem à família Verbenaceae. Unitermos: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Lantana trifolia, Vitex cooperi, Lippia lacunosa, Lippia rotundifolia, atividade antimicobacteriana, 20-hidroxi-ecdisona.ABSTRACT: Forty eight ethanolic crude extracts and fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from ten Brazilian plants (Leguminosae, Monimiaceae and Verbenaceae), 1 from Costa Rica (Verbenaceae) and 1 from Argentina (Verbenaceae) were screened for antimycobacterium activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (ATCC-27294 H 37 Rv), by the Alamar Blue test, at a fi xed concentration of 100 μg/mL. Out of the forty eight, seven were active at this concentration, corresponding to Lantana trifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), Vitex cooperi (methanol:water, 1:1 extract from barks), Lippia lacunosa (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves) and Lippia rotundifolia (hexane and dichloromethane extracts from leaves), all from the Verbenaceae family.

Organic extracts representing 48 species included in 30 families of Costa Rican tropicalp1ants were evaluated fortheir abiJity to neutralize hemorrhagic acfívity lnduc.ed by the venom of the snake Bothrops aspero Abioassay in míce was used, based ortintráderrnal injection of either venom orvenom-extract mixtíin:l.s followed py the rneasurement ofhemorrhagic areas: Total inhibition of henmrrhage wasobsetved with the ethanolic;ethyl and .aqueous extracts¡ofBur;w{¡ simaruba, Clusia torresii, C. pafmana, Croton·4ram, Persea qmericanq, Phoebebrenesü,Pimentadioica, . . Sapindussaponaria¡ Smifax cuculmeco and Virola koschnyi; C:hemicalanalysis of these extracts identified catequines,flavones, anthocyanines

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An in vivo model to study lhe antimalarie ctfeet 01' plant extraets is described. White mi ce (25-30g body weight) are lreated subeutaneously with 0.6ml of the diluted extraet stUlling seven days before P. ber¡:heí infeetion: trealmenl eontinlles lIntil death or for 30 days. Simultaneously 0.2ml of the extraet are applied per os stming three days befare infection. In a test 01' the model, treated and non-treated animals differed in body weight, survival time, haematocrite, parnsitemia development, and spleen or liver weight of recent dcad 01' killed mice.

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Morphologicaland molecular characterization of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii associated to yellow wilt on celery in Costa Rica. Celery is cultivated in provinces of Costa Rica, such as Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela and San José. Total production is approximately 25 metric tons annually. This crop is affected by different pathogens but in the last few years Fusarium oxysporum has caused substantial damage at the plantation level. In celery, 4 pathogenic Fusarium races are known, they are defined using the tolerance of the celery cultivars to the pathogen. Race 1 affects only yellow celery; race 2 affects both yellow and green celery; race 3, the least pathogenic, is virulent only for green celery; and race 4, is the most aggressive causing losses in green as yellow celery. In Costa Rica only the presence of Fusarium oxysporum has been reported. To better identify and describe the pathogen, isolates were obtained from diseased plants that showed a variety of symptoms including: delayed plant RESUMENCosta Rica produce apio en las provincias de Cartago, Heredia, Alajuela y San José. La producción aproximada es de 25 toneladas métricas anuales. Este cultivo se ve afectado por diferentes patógenos, sin embargo, en los últimos años Fusarium oxysporum ha causado serios problemas de marchitez en plantas a nivel productivo. En apio se conocen 4 razas patogénicas de Fusarium, definidas a partir de la tolerancia que presentan los cultivares de apio al patógeno. La raza 1 afecta solo el apio amarillo; la raza 2 afecta tanto el apio amarillo como el verde; la raza 3, la menos patogénica, es virulenta únicamente para el apio verde; y la raza 4, es la más agresiva que causa tanto pérdidas en apio verde como amarillo. En Costa Rica se ha descrito la presencia de Fusarium oxysporum en apio, pero no se han descrito las razas presentes. Para identificar y describir el patógeno, se aisló el hongo a partir de plantas enfermas provenientes de campo que presentaban los siguientes síntomas: retraso en la tasa de crecimiento, enanismo, amarillamiento, 1 Autora para correspondencia. Correo electrónico:

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