In order to ensure the effectiveness of the international convention which will prohibit the use of organotin compounds in antifouling paints applied to ships, it is essential to establish an inspection system to determine the presence of the prohibited compounds in the paint. In the present study, a method for the identification of organotin containing antifouling paints using a two-stage analysis process is investigated. Firstly, X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is utilized, which could be used at the place of ship surveys or port state control. Using a portable XRF instrument customized for ship inspection, analysis is automatically executed and determines whether tin is present or not. If the presence of tin is confirmed by XRF, the sample is subsequently examined at an analytical laboratory using more rigorous analytical techniques, such as gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A sampling device has been designed. It is a disc of approximately 10 mm diameter and has abrasive paper pasted to one of its flat surfaces. The device is pressed onto and then slid along a ship hull to lightly scrape off fragments of paint onto the abrasive paper. Preliminary field tests have revealed that sampling from a ship in dock yields successful collection of the paint for XRD analysis and that the resultant damage caused to the antifouling paint surface by the sampling technique was found to be negligible.
The National Maritime Research Institute started 5 year research project on the establishment of synthetic countermeasures against the discharge of oil and hazardous fluid substance from 2011 to 2015. The main purpose of this project is to produce the tool for the environmental risk assessment of the oil discharge from vessels which sank due to the marine accident. The element technologies as the counter-measure against the discharged oil will also be developed in the project.
The element technology as sub-surface application of dispersant for counter-measures will be introduced at the poster session. The first large-scale application has been carried out during the Deepwater Horizon incident in gulf of Mexico in 2010. The experimental set-up consists of rectangular water tank (0.8m×0.8m×3.0m) connected to the oil tank and dispersant tank. The heavy fuel oil was used. Both oil and mixed sample of oil and dispersant have been discharged from the nozzle into the water tank. The video for the behavior of oil and mixed sample has been analyzed by defining the concentration of black and white color. The video has been taken by the high resolution camera. The concentration of 8 different steps between black and white was set in the analysis. The dispersed oil has particular color when dispersed in water and too much dispersant becomes clouded because the dispersant reacts to water. The concentration change has been related with the dispersive performance. The rising-up velocity was also analyzed by PIV (Particle Image Velocity) method so as to ensure the effect of the dispersive performance. The distribution of oil droplets has also been measured and analyzed.
The various percentage of dispersant has been compounded into mixed heavy fuel oil. 1%, 5% and 10% dispersant oil ratio (DOR) has been tried in the experiment. The dispersive area and rising-up velocity after injection of both oil and mixed sample have been compared among them. The dispersive area and rising-up velocity due to difference of DOR has been discriminated. Those parameters can be an index of evaluating the dispersive performance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.