The postoperative intestinal dysmotility seen in intestinal atresia (IA) is usually found in association with a dilatation of the proximal intestinal segment, but the etiology of this disorder is not yet fully understood. A chick IA model was made by cutting the postumbilical midgut on d 11 in ovo. The operated chicks were euthanized 2 d after hatching. The samples were divided into two groups according to the extent of the dilatation of proximal ileal segments. Cryostat sections were processed for immunohistochemistry by the use of antisera to protein gene product 9.5, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance-P, and alpha-smooth muscle actin and were also stained by NADPH-diaphorase. Tn highly dilated proximal segments, a decreased number of protein gene product 9.5-positive fibers was found in both the circular muscle and submucous layers. The number of nerve fibers positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance-P, and NADPH-diaphorase also decreased in the circular muscle layer, particularly in the deep muscular plexus. Hypertrophy and an alteration of the staining intensities in the circular muscle layer were also revealed by a-smooth muscle actin staining. The nerve distribution of the distal segments was indistinguishable from that of the age-matched controls and the sham-operated group. Abnormalities in the intramural nerves are only found in the proximal ileal segment of the IA models. The abnormal nerve distribution of the proximal segment might thus be implicated in the postoperative dysmotility of the intestine in IA.
The fluorescence histochemical examination on biogenic amines of the rabbit's foliate papilla revealed that a specific monoamine exhibiting an yellow fluorescence was present in a certain cell type of taste buds. The fluorescence had the emission maximum at 520 mmu and faded rapidly under the influence of the UV-irradiation. The green fluorescence of adrenergic nerve had the emission maximum at 480 mmu and was fairly stable upon the UV-irradiation. The yellow fluorescence disappeared completely following reserpine treatment, while it was markedly enhanced by nialamide treatment. From the observations, it is suggested that certain taste bud cells of the foliate papilla contain a biogenic monoamine, probably 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin).
The taste buds on the barbels in three species of teleosts (Cyprinus carpio, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, Parasilurus asotus) were studied by means of fluorescence- and electron microscopy. Intensely yellow-fluorescent cells, which are disk-shaped and located exclusively in a basal position, are observed in the barbel-buds of all fishes examined. The basal cells contain a large number of small clear vesicles approximately 40-60 nm in diameter, which show a tendency to aggregate in the cytoplasm facing the junction of the nerve terminals; chemically transmitting synapses are seen in the latter region. It is suggested from the present observations that the basal cells in the barbel-bud may originate from Schwann cells and have a dual function both as mechanoreceptors and paracrine elements. Since the administration of 5,6-DHT results in an appearance of small dense vesicles among the small clear vesicles, the possibility exists that the basal cell may be capable of taking up monoamines and storing them in the small clear vesicles.
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