Depression is a common mental health condition occurring across all ages, genders, and populations and is almost always multifaceted. It can manifest as a form of metabolic disorder, endocrine disorder, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, deficiencies, or neurodegenerative disorders. Although there have been various treatment options available for the treatment of depression, it is still a sizable global health concern requiring more attention. This review article was produced by researching data and studies to prove a relationship between Vitamin B12 and depression. Numerous studies were reviewed, and based on these studies, it was concluded that supplementation of Vitamin B12 early enough can delay the onset of depression and improve the effect of anti-depressants when used in conjunction with Vitamin B12. Although other vitamins like Vitamin B6 and folate are known to have an impact on depression, we have primarily focused on Vitamin B12 in an attempt to offer the providers a foundation to address this concern with their patients prone to depression or have had a major depressive episode in their life.

The burden of chronic pain has affected many individuals leading to distress and discomfort, alongside numerous side effects with conventional therapeutic approaches. Cannabinoid receptors are naturally found in the human body and have long been an interest in antinociception. These include CB1 and CB2 receptors, which are promising candidates for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain. The mechanism of action of the receptors and how they approach pain control in inflammatory conditions show that it can be an adjunctive approach towards controlling these symptoms. Numerous studies have shown how the targeted approach towards these receptors has activated them promoting a release in cytokines, all leading to anti-inflammatory effects and immune system regulation. Cannabinoid activation of glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) models also showed efficacy in pain management. Chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis were shown to also benefit from this considerable treatment. However, it is unclear how the cannabinoid system works in relation with the pain pathway. Therefore, in this review we aim to analyse the role of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory pain.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common gastrointestinal malformation. The management of symptomatic Meckel's diverticulum has been undecidedly resection; however, the management of incidental Meckel's diverticulum has been fraught in comparison. As a systematic literature review, PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and MEDLINE were used. The search phrase utilized was "Meckel Diverticulum/Surgery [Mesh]" and resection incidental. The search was completed on July 18, 2020 and was limited to 1980 until the day of the search. Searches resulted in 62 initial articles on PubMed. On initial screening, 23 of these articles met the criteria. The references of these 23 articles were screened for relevant studies, yielding a total of 31 studies of which all were assessed for quality. Four articles made a recommendation for no resection. Twelve studies made a recommendation for resection. Ten studies concluded that resection should be completed in the presence of risk factors. Lastly, five studies made no clear recommendation. In recent literature, there has been a shift towards resection for all or in those with high-risk factors. In the future, it will be necessary for researchers to determine if resection is recommended for all patients with incidental MD or in those with risk factors. If only in those with risk factors, it will be important that research is completed to create evidence-based guidelines to support the risk factors.

The term "myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA)" refers to a condition characterized by clinical signs and symptoms consistent with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (as defined by the third universal definition of infarction) and coronary arteries that are angiographically normal or nearly normal. A prominent source of morbidity and mortality in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is thrombotic events. To evaluate whether there is a relation between APS and MINOCA in this research, we did an extensive assessment of the existing research in this field. According to the data, APS was associated with microvascular thrombosis, aberrant lipid metabolism, hypertension, and abnormalities of the coagulation cascade, among other conditions. Based on the available data, we discovered evidence that suggests a relationship between MINOCA and APS patients. It is vital to raise awareness of this concern among the general public. Also required is the development and implementation of diagnostic and targeted treatment guidelines for patients with APS and MINOCA.

In the past, the most common type of atrial fibrillation leading to stroke was valvular; this was predominantly due to the prevalence of rheumatic fever, but with the advent of better-hospitalized care, the cases of valvular atrial fibrillation declined. In recent years, there has been an increase in cases of stroke due to non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Stasis of blood in the left atrial pouch leads to coagulation and thrombi formation, which may lead to stroke. Oral medication or mechanical intervention can prevent thrombi formation. Both oral anticoagulation and left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) have been compared to see which has better outcomes. It was observed that LAAO has greater efficacy, but with time throughout a couple of years, no considerable difference was seen when compared to warfarin. Most of the long-term randomized controlled trials have been performed with the Watchman ® device. Although the Lariat and Amplatzer LAAO devices have also shown favorable outcomes, there is still a deficiency when it comes to trials of high-quality evidence using these devices as an intervention. Dual therapy with both of these approaches showed a decline in the count of major bleeding episodes on follow-up. Overall, albeit both methods have proven useful, LAAO has a slight advantage in efficacy and leads to less hemorrhagic events.