Background. Diagnosis of patchy hair loss in pediatric patients is often a matter of considerable debate among dermatologists. Trichoscopy is a rapid and noninvasive tool to detect more details of patchy hair loss. Like clinical dermatology, trichoscopy works parallel to the skin surface and perpendicular to the histological plane; like the histopathology, it thus allows the viewing of structures not discovered by the naked eye. Objective. Aiming to compare the different trichoscopic features of tinea capitis and alopecia areata in pediatric patients. Patients and Methods. This study included 40 patients, 20 patients with tinea capitis and 20 patients with alopecia areata. They were exposed toclinical examination, laboratory investigations (10% KOH and fungal culture), and trichoscope examination. Results. Our obtained results reported that, in tinea capitis patients, comma shaped hairs, corkscrew hairs, and zigzag shaped hairs are the diagnostic trichoscopic features of tinea capitis. While in alopecia areata patients, the most trichoscopic specific features were yellow dots, exclamation mark, and short vellus hairs. Conclusion. Trichoscopy can be used as a noninvasive tool for rapid diagnosis of tinea capitis and alopecia areata in pediatric patients.

Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate treatment of vitiligo by co-culture of melanocytes derived from hair follicle with adipose-derived stem cells with (NB-UVB) and without (NB-UVB). Patients and methods:In this study, we used co culture of adipose derived stem cell with melanocytes derived from hair follicle in treating different types of stable resistant vitiligo, by two methods transplantation: group (A) exposed to (NB-UVB), group (B) did not expose to (NB-UVB). They are followed up for 3 months.Results: At the end of the follow up period which was 3 months group (A) showed better pigmentary response than group (B) and it was highly statistically significant. Stability, size, site and onset of vitiligo appeared to be important factors affecting treatment results. Using (NB-UVB) also after injection of the treatment showed more improvement in the treatment results. Conclusion:Co-culture of adipose derived stem cell with melanocytes derived from hair follicle could be a safe and effective method of treatment for stable localized vitiligo in patients resistant to other methods of therapy.

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Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility. Several theories have been proposed to explain how varicocele induces infertility. The role of epididymis in male infertility is not fully well established. Fibrinogen‐like protein 2 is one of serine proteases and is a potent coagulant in membranous form and immune‐modulator in soluble form (sFGL‐2) and expressed in the epididymis. There are no previous reports about its possible role in varicocele. This case‐controlled study aimed to evaluate the seminal level of sFGL‐2 in infertile men with varicocele and in men with idiopathic infertility. This study included 85 participants divided into three groups; 25 normal fertile men, 30 infertile men with varicocele and 30 infertile men of idiopathic cause. Clinical examination, Doppler ultrasound, semen analysis and measurement of seminal level of sFGL‐2 were done to all participants. Seminal level of sFGL‐2 was significantly elevated in infertile than normal fertile men. Seminal level of sFGL‐2 showed negative correlations with sperm concentration, motility and normal morphology. Seminal level of sFGL‐2 had a positive correlation with seminal liquefaction time. This study concluded that seminal level of sFGL‐2 is increased in infertile men with idiopathic cause and with varicocele induced infertility and affects seminal liquefaction.

BackgroundKeratinocyte (KC) apoptosis is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of spongiotic dermatitis, in particular for the formation of spongiosis. Objective To investigate changes in the expression level of the apoptosis regulatory proteins cleaved caspase-3, Fas, Bcl-2, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and p53 in skin samples of patients with spongiotic dermatitis. Patients and methodsThe present study included a total of 50 patients with spongiotic dermatitis and 10 healthy controls. Patients were classified into five groups (10 patients each): group A, atopic dermatitis; group B, allergic contact dermatitis; group C, irritant contact dermatitis; group D, nummular eczema; and group E, dyshidrotic eczema. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins cleaved caspase-3, Fas, Bcl-2, NF-kB and p53 in skin biopsies taken from all patients and controls. ResultsThe mean values of cleaved caspase-3 and Fas expression were statistically increased in patients with acute spongiotic dermatitis compared with the controls (Po0.001). In the spinous cell layer, cleaved caspase-3 and Fas expression was observed in all specimens taken from lesional skin with different intensities. The strongest positive staining was noticed in areas of spongiosis. Bcl-2 and NF-kB expression was absent or weak in suprabasal cells in the lesional skin with no statistically significant difference between the patient group and the control group (P = 0.74 and 0.38, respectively). p53 expression was absent or weak in suprabasal cells in the lesional skin, with no statistically significant difference between the patient group and the control group (P = 0.97). There was no difference in the mean expression of cleaved caspase-3, Fas, Bcl-2, NF-kB and p53 between different subsets of eczematous dermatitis (P = 0.60, 0.14, 0.68, 0.76 and 0.30, respectively). ConclusionApoptosis of KC through an extrinsic pathway is the initiating event in the development of the epidermal pathology seen in spongiotic dermatitis. Most notably, KC apoptosis occurs in suprabasal cells, where spongiosis takes place.

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