Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most common acute hyperglycemic emergency in children with diabetes mellitus. DKA is the consequence of an absolute or relative lack of insulin and concomitant elevation of counter-regulatory hormones, usually resulting in the triad of hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency and prognostic significance of serum lactate in children with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted to the Pediatrics department.Methods: This study was a comparative cross-sectional study that included sixty participants. They were divided into 30 children with diabetic ketoacidosis and 30 age and sex matched healthy children as a control group. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between serum lactate and venous blood pH (p = 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum lactate and CRP (p = 0.029). There was a significant negative correlation between serum lactate and recovery time (p = 0.016). Conclusion: Lactic acidosis is common in DKA, and is not always a finding that predicts the severity of the disease or its mortality.
Background: Bronchiolitis is a viral lower respiratory tract infection in infants typically under a year of age clinically diagnosed with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection progressing into lower respiratory tract illness with respiratory distress and crackles, wheeze, and crepitation. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of pulmonary bacterial co-infection in children with acute bronchiolitis and assess the severity of bronchiolitis. Methods: This is a crosssectional that included 100 children suffering from acute bronchiolitis to determine the incidence of bacterial co-infection in them that required admission to hospital for acute bronchiolitis. The cases were collected from pediatric department, Benha University Hospitals.Results: In our study, the incidence of hospital admission in the study participants was 82% of them, 46 (46%) patients were admitted to PICU, 36 (36%) patients were admitted to ward, and 18 (18%) patients were not admitted to hospital. We found that the isolated pathogenic bacterial co-infection in the study participants was 13%.The culture outcomes in the study participants showed that 6% patients were positive for Klebsiella, 5% patients were positive for Streptococcus, 2% patients were positive for both, and 87% patients were negative. Conclusion: Nearly 13% of the pediatric inpatients with RSV bronchopulmonary infection showed bacterial co-infection. The most common bacterial respiratory pathogens associated with RSV bronchopulmonary infection in children were 6% positive for Klebsiella, 5% positive for Streptococcus, 2% were positive for both, and 87% were negative.
Background: Neonatal sepsis is the third most common reason for neonatal mortality, which is a serious health issue. Early diagnosis can help these neonates have better outcomes. Objective: Progranulin (PGRN) and procalcitonin (PCT) were evaluated for their diagnostic utility in early-onset sepsis (EOS). Methods: The neonates in this study were born at ≥ 34 weeks gestation and hospitalized to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit within the first 72 hours of life. The infected group contained 50 infants, whereas the uninfected group included 60 neonates. All infants had thorough clinical evaluations and lab testing. The levels of procalcitonin and progranulin in the serum were determined using ELISA. Results: At the three-time intervals, there was no noticeable difference between the groups in terms of CRP. With a p-value of 0.003, PCT was statistically more significant in the infected group (0.990.50 ng/dl) than in the uninfected group (0.40.44 ng/dl) during the 1-24 h interval, but there was no difference at the 24-48 h or 49-72 h intervals. At each of the threetime intervals when the infected and uninfected groups were compared, PGRN was considerably higher in the infected group (p 0.001). Furthermore, PGRN was statistically greater during 49-72 h intervals in the infected group compared to 1-24 h and 25-48 breaks (p=0.004). However, at various intervals, the PGRN levels in the uninfected group did not vary significantly (p=0.053). Conclusion: PGRN was found in newborn sepsis with an early onset and may be helpful as a biomarker for diagnosis.
Background: Maternal iron condition influences the iron status of neonates since iron transferred from the mother is the only source for fetal iron. The aim of this study was to examine the association of obesity with inflammatory markers (CRP) and iron status in both mother and infant. Methods: This comparative cross sectional study was conducted on 100 pregnant women and their neonate from the attendance of Agouza Police Hospital and Benha University Hospitals. Results: Our results shows that there was no statistically significant difference found between obese and non-obese pregnant women regarding neonatal HB, TLC, Platelets count, Serum iron in cord, TIBC in cord and CRP in cord. There was a negative impact of maternal BMI on neonatal iron status. The maternal obesity was inversely associated with cord ferritin concentrations, poorer iron status determined by cord ferritin were evident in the neonates of obese women, compared with those born to normal weight women. Maternal CRP, maternal hepcidin and maternal serum transferrin receptor were greater in obese compared with normal weight pregnant women. Conclusion: There is a negative impact of maternal BMI on neonatal iron status. The maternal obesity was inversely associated with cord ferritin concentrations, poorer iron status determined by cord ferritin were evident in the neonates of obese women, compared with those born to normal weight women. The concentrations of CRP was greater in obese compared with normal weight pregnant women. Serum hepcidin was elevated in obese pregnant women compared with the normal weight women in this study.
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