Objective: To assess the net dentofacial effects of the fixed lingual mandibular growth modificator (FLMGM). Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 38 patients with Class II/1 malocclusion and retrognathic mandible. All were in the pubertal growth spurt. Whereas FLMGM was applied to the treatment group (n 5 21, mean age 5 13.2 years), no treatment was performed on the control group (n 5 17, mean age 5 12.5 years). Skeletal and dentoalveolar changes were assessed on digital lateral cephalograms obtained at the beginning and end of the treatment/observation period of 8 months. Paired and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences within and between groups. Results: Maxillary growth was not affected by FLMGM treatment, which resulted in a significant overjet reduction of 4.1 mm, an increase in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) of 2.3 mm, chin advancement of 1.6u, and upper incisor retroclination of 4.0u. A reduction of 2.4u in ANB was largely due to an increase of 1.8u in SNB. Favorably, the lower incisors were obviously retroclined by 4.5u. The changes in the vertical skeletal relationships were negligible. Conclusion: FLMGM was effective in treating growing Class II/1 patients and produced favorable dentofacial effects, with the matched untreated sample showing minimal changes. Lower incisor retroclination was a benefit of FLMGM treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2014;84:527-533.)
FLMGM may be effective in stimulating the growth of the mandible and correcting skeletal Class II malocclusions. Clinicians can benefit from the unique clinical advantages that FLMGM provides, such as easy handling and full integration with bracketed appliance at any phase.
Self-ligating brackets gave better results compared to the CLBs in terms of rate of movement, amount of canine rotation following extraction, and anchorage loss.
In this paper, the bandwidth of a bowtie antenna is improved to meet the requirements of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) applications that need a fractional bandwidth greater than 100% and are able to operate at low frequencies. This was done using several modification steps, which were the use of Antipodal technique for its advantages in reducing the complexity of the feeder network to achieve good matching with a standard 50-Ω SMA connector, bending the four corners of the arms, and adding a triangular slot in each arm. The simulation was carried out using CST Microwave Studio to study the effect of each modification step on improving the bandwidth. The simulation results of the new antenna achieved a fractional bandwidth of 138% within the frequency range (1-5.45) GHz at the values of return loss (S 11 ≤ −10 dB). The new antenna was also fabricated, and the return loss was measured and showed a good agreement with the simulation results.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.