Objectives To test the association between occupational exposure to trichloroethylene (TCE) and risk of non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a pooled analysis of four international case-control studies. Methods Studies were selected which included state-of-the art retrospective assessment of occupational exposure to TCE and histological information on lymphoma subtype. Overall, the pooled study population included 3788 NHL cases and 4279 controls. Summary indicators of exposure were harmonised across studies. We conducted unconditional logistic regression analysis to test the association between the harmonised TCE exposure estimates and NHL and its major subtypes, adjusting by age, gender, and study. Results Among the total study population, risk of follicular lymphoma, but not NHL overall or other subtypes, increased by probability (p = 0.02) and intensity level (p = 0.04) of TCE exposure. When the analysis was restricted to subjects most likely exposed to TCE, risk of NHL overall (p = 0.009), follicular lymphoma (p = 0.04), and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) (p = 0.01) showed a linear increase by duration of exposure. No heterogeneity in NHL risk associated with high probability of exposure to TCE (all intensity levels combined) was detected. Conclusion With due caution because of several limitations, our pooled analysis supports the hypothesis of an increased risk of NHL, and particularly of the follicular lymphoma and CLL subtypes, associated with occupational exposure to TCE.
The aim of this study wasto evaluate the best energetic foodforuse in the 21 maintenance of honey bee colonies during the off-season. To do this, 20Apis mellifera 22 beehives were used(with five beehives per treatment): CTL,control (without feeding); 23 SJ,sugarcane juice; SS,sugar syrup; and IS,inverted sugar. We evaluated the food 24 consumption, population development, and physiological state (expression of 25 vitellogenin and hexamerin 70agenes)of eachcolony.The results showed that the 26 supplementation of colonieswith sugar syrup resulted in an intermediateconsumption 27 and thebetter development of the colony.In addition, this diet ensured that the colonies 28 were in a good physiological state,as beesfed this diet presentedthe highest relative 29 expression levels of vitellogenin and hexamerin 70ameasuredamong all thediets 30 tested.Therefore, sugar syrup was concluded to be the best artificial energetic food for 31 use in thesupplementation of honey bee colonies during the off-season. 32
Background: Although indicators of surgical and medical treatment have been applied to patients with typical dissection (AD) of the descending thoracic aorta, the natural history of descending aortic intramural hematoma (AIH) is not yet clearly known.Objective: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the absence of flow communication through the intimal tear in AIH involving the descending aorta has a different clinical course compared with AD.Methods: We prospectively evaluated clinical and echocardiographic data between AD (76 patients) and AIH (27 patients) of the descending thoracic aorta.Results: Patients had no differences In age, gender, or clinical presentation. The development of pleural effussion or periaortic hematoma was more frequent in patients with AIH than it was in patients with AD. AIH and AD had same predictors of complications at follow-up: aortic diameter (>5 cm) at diagnosis and persistent back pain. Although medical treatment was selected in the same proportion between groups, surgical treatment was more frequently selected in AD (39% vs. 22%, p < 0.01). AD patients who received surgical treatment had higher mortality than those with AIH (36% vs. 17%, p < 0.01). There was no difference in mortality between patients who received medical treatment (15% in AD vs 14% in AIH, p = 0.7). In follow-up imaging studies of 23 patients with AIH,6 patients (25%) showed complete resolution and 6 patients (25%) increased the descending aortic diameter. Typical AD developed in 3 patients (13%). A three-year survival rate did not show significant difference (82 ± 6% in AIH vs 75 ± 7% in AD, p = 0.37).Conclusion: AIH of the descending thoracic aorta have relatively frequent complications at follow-up including dissection and aneurysm formation. Medical treatment with very close imaging follow-up and timed elective surgery in cases with complications allow better management for patients with AIH of the descending thoracic aorta.
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