Climate change and air pollution, both on a global and local scale, are two interrelated environmental policy problems, but usually they are studied separately with very different approaches. In a novel context, in which climate change and air quality become two related aspects of the same problem, we believe that it is necessary to carry out novel local strategies for Air Quality Monitoring Networks' (AQMNs) innovation, not only applying analytical optimization procedures of the existing networks, but also introducing advanced in situ devices and using data by remote investigations. Advanced instrumentation allows to evaluate the concentration of specific pollutants and to better characterize the local weather conditions. Remote observations (satellite data and vertical profiles of atmospheric variables) may improve the network effectiveness. In this study we present experimental data observed in the urban area of Potenza (Basilicata, southern Italy) during a field survey. In the same sampling period, we compare data atmospheric pollutants concentrations by AQM network of Potenza with data collected in our experimental site and with a satellite map of CO 2 . Despite the observation scales being very different, the results are encouraging and we believe that other efforts have to be made; the short-term benefits obtaining from air pollution control and innovation may be as effective as the long-term benefits obtainable through strategic climate change measures. So it is important to develop and to support local integrated strategies, for mitigating air pollution and climate change contemporaneously.
this case study is an application of the integrated climatic modelling framework (Geo-cwb) in the metropolitan area of torino (north Italy) for the projected period of 2080. the model was developed and validated at trinity college of dublin and uses Geographical Information System (GIS) as the climate change downscaling environment. the main goal of this research is to investigate the impacts of climate and land-use changes on the water resources vulnerability using Geo-cwb model with a wide range of input parameters and grids, including seasonal climate variables and changes, land use/land cover, seasonal parameters and future changes, seasonal groundwater depth, soil properties, topography and slope. an intense data collection activity was carried out for the year 2015, using all the possible sources available; additionally, potential evapotranspiration, as input data, was calculated using the method of blaney-criddle and modelled in GIS platform. In order to parametrize the hydrological response of the metropolitan area of torino to the changes in climate and land use, Geo-cwb has a number of simulation stages (wbt) as follows: wbt stage (1) -dynamical water balance (dwb), wbt stage (2) -surface runoff iteration and wbt stage (3) -climate and land-use vulnerability parameters. as a result, Geo-cwb gives a wide range of seasonally and yearly gridded output layers as surface runoff, subsurface water, interception, evapotranspiration, soil evaporation, transpiration including total uncertainties or error in the water balance. Geo-cwb outputs could allow the scientific community, modelers, planners and decision makers to study the impact of climate and land-use changes on regional water resources vulnerability.
Following the road paradigm, many cities, at the beginning of the 20th century, experienced a reckless increase in the number of vehicles on the road causing an unsustainable urban and environmental situation. The origin of the problem surely lies in the occupation of the preserved areas. In many South American states, for example, highways generally ignore the presence of environmental obstacles (such as rivers) as they may cause a "delay in modernization". As a result, riparian forests are invaded and turned into highways, water beds are channeled and most rivers are contaminated with wastewater. Due to the occupation of green and riparian areas, urban floods have become more and more and consequently urban spaces have been disqualified. This situation also involved the Carahá River that crosses the city of Lages in southern Brazil, in fact the river embankment has become completely impermeable due to the construction of an urban road. Proposing urban spaces with an emphasis on improving environmental quality and integrating forms of public transport are basic points that could lead to the sustainable development of our cities. In this context, the aim of this research is to propose a sustainable river project for the Carahá River, with the aim of presenting nature-based solutions to prevent floods and improve the environmental, functional and aesthetic quality of the city. To develop this research, first theoretical studies were carried out on the relationship between rivers and cities, secondly three international case studies and related literature were analyzed with the aim of deepening the knowledge of the connection between rivers and population. Finally, an intensive study of the territory was carried out and a social analysis was conducted through a semi-structured interview in which the population of Lages participated. The result of this study contributed to effectively defining the intervention guidelines for the Carahá river park project considering, as an added value, also the main needs of citizens.
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