No abstract

ResumoDiante da crescente participação feminina no mercado de trabalho e, consequentemente, nos cargos de alta importância, o presente artigo teve por objetivo analisar a influência da participação feminina nos conselhos de administração sobre a performance das organizações. Utilizando uma amostra composta pelas empresas mais líquidas listadas na BM&FBovespa, nos períodos de 2010 a 2013, o presente estudo utilizou as variáveis: percentual de presença feminina e a dummy para presença feminina nos conselhos como proxies para análise da influência feminina sobre o desempenho financeiro das empresas. Observou-se que em média 63% das empresas analisadas não apresentam mulheres em seu conselho de administração. Adicionalmente, verificou-se uma baixa representação feminina nos conselhos, apresentando um percentual de 5,6%, em média, do gênero feminino nos conselhos de administração analisados. Inicialmente, comparando-se as características das organizações com e sem a presença feminina, observou-se que as empresas que possuíram uma diversidade de gênero apresentaram um melhor desempenho, capturados pelo Q de Tobin e pelo ROA, não se podendo rejeitar a hipótese de que as empresas com presença feminina no conselhos de administração apresentam um desempenho financeiro maior do que as sem. Contrariando as evidências de estudos internacionais, não foi possível observar uma relação de endogeneidade na relação entre desempenho e a presença feminina nos conselhos de administração. Nesse sentido, buscou-se averiguar a relação entre a presença feminina e o desempenho financeiro por meio da estimação em mínimos quadrados ordinários e também pela utilização da regressão quantílica. Os resultados demonstraram que a presença feminina influenciou positivamente no desempenho financeiro, não se podendo rejeitar a Hipótese 2 da pesquisa.Palavras-chave: Conselho de Administração; Performance; Gênero.

This study sought to investigate the relationship between information asymmetry in the stock trading, economic and financial characteristics and corporate governance of listed companies in the Brazilian stock market in 2010 and 2011. To this end, the study relied on a theoretical framework for information asymmetry in the capital market to measure the asymmetry's magnitude based on the intraday stock-trading data of 194 companies. The primary results demonstrated that the informational asymmetry in the stock trading was positively related to the risk, return and liquidity of the shares as well as the cost of equity and the size of the companies. In addition, the asymmetry was negatively related to the abnormal return of shares. During the investigated period, the information asymmetry relationship with the liquidity and size (positive) and the abnormal return (negative) were at odds with previous research. The reasons for our results may be related to specific aspects of the Brazilian market, for example, in the case of abnormal returns, the deceleration of the Bovespa Index (IBovespa) or the reflection of the average return to negotiators without insider information during the period. In case of liquidity and size, the high index of issuance and negotiation of preferred shares may have influenced the results. Thus, this research contributes to the analysis of idiosyncratic characteristics of the capital market of a developing country, such as information asymmetry in stock trading and its association with the economic and financial characteristics and corporate governance of companies in the Brazilian stock market.

Purpose-This study analyzes the influence of the corporate governance structure in terms of mitigating the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) by firms in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach-For this, we analyze the data of 314 publicly traded companies to estimate the likelihood of bankruptcy and the possibility of earnings manipulation, for subsequent identification of. Findings-Our results show that in 5.5% of cases there is an indication that FFR is likely, bankruptcy is predicted in 16.9% of cases, and the likelihood of earnings manipulation is identified in 17.7%. The corporate governance structure of the firms influences FFR mitigation, either directly or indirectly by reducing the chances of bankruptcy or earnings manipulation. We note that board-related governance practices are more effective against predicted bankruptcy, and auditrelated practices are more related to reducing earnings manipulation. Originality/value-The main contributions of this study lie in it identifying the probabilities of reporting fraud, bankruptcy, and earnings manipulation for companies in Brazil, as well as it verifying that corporate governance has been effective in mitigating these problems, either directly or indirectly. Thus, this information is useful for investors and regulators in this market.

Using standard proxies for accounting quality, with a focus on earnings persistence and earnings management, we examine how the association between firm-level informativeness and accounting quality varies according to the quality of the country-level information environment. Our sample comprises over 15,000 publicly traded firms from 21 countries included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Emerging Markets Index, between the years 2000 and 2016. Using novel proxies that aggregate several firm- or country-level characteristics associated with lower information asymmetry or higher-quality information environment, we find that in emerging markets with weaker information environments, the positive association between firm-level informativeness and accounting quality is more pronounced, suggesting that greater firm-level informativeness may partially compensate for weaker country-level institutions. Consistent with the substitution effect, we also document that the positive association between firm-level informativeness and stock market performance is greater in emerging countries with weaker information environments.