Surgical treatment for feline adrenal tumors (regardless of tumor type) resulted in good long-term survival. Given that pre- and postoperative hypocortisolemia was identified in this study, and, in addition, hypersecretion of more than one adrenal hormone occurred in one cat, adrenal panels prior to surgery may be beneficial as part of the preoperative work-up.
Dilation of the pancreatic duct has been described as an ultrasonographic feature of pancreatitis in cats. The purpose of this study was to determine normal pancreatic duct width in healthy older cats and assess the significance of pancreatic duct dilation observed in a clinical population. In a prospective study, pancreatic ultrasound was performed in 15 healthy cats (mean age 13 +/- 3 years). Mean pancreatic width of left lobe, body, and right lobe was 0.65 +/- 0.16 cm (0.46-1.03 cm), 0.64 +/- 0.14 cm (0.46-0.9 cm), and 0.43 +/- 0.09 cm (0.3-0.57 cm), respectively. Mean pancreatic duct width was 0.13 +/- 0.04 cm (0.06-0.24 cm), which was significantly larger than previously reported for younger cats (0.08 +/- 0.025 cm) (P < 0.001). One hundred and four of 1445 clinical patients (7.2%) were diagnosed with a dilated pancreatic duct and were reviewed in a retrospective study. Incidence of pancreatic duct dilation was significantly higher in older than in younger cats (2.7% in cats < 1-5 years vs. 18.1% in cats 15 years or older; P < 0.001). Mean pancreatic duct width was 0.23 +/- 0.07 cm (0.14-0.52 cm), and there was a significant correlation between age and pancreatic duct width (P = 0.01). There was also a significant relationship between the mean ratio of pancreatic duct width and pancreatic thickness (n = 98) (0.29 +/- 0.09; 0.09-0.58; P = 0.041). There was no significant difference in age between cats with and without pancreatic disease. There was no association between pancreatic disease and pancreatic duct width or pancreatic duct width/pancreatic thickness ratio. Pancreatic duct width and pancreatic duct width/pancreatic thickness ratio in cats are significantly associated with age.
Five Rottweiler puppies from 3 unrelated litters developed inspiratory stridor at 11-13 weeks of age. Physical examination disclosed tetraparesis in all dogs, and bilateral lenticular cataracts in 4 dogs. Laryngeal examination under light anesthesia showed laryngeal paralysis in all dogs. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed denervation potentials in the distal appendicular muscles of 4 dogs tested and in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles of 2 dogs tested. Motor nerve conduction velocity was slightly low in 1 dog. Neurogenic muscular atrophy was found in distal appendicular muscles (n = 3) and intrinsic laryngeal muscles (n = 2), and degenerative changes were found in peripheral nerves (n = 3) and recurrent laryngeal nerves (n = 2). No abnormalities were detected in the spinal cord, spinal nerve roots, or ganglia of 3 dogs autopsied. The clinical, electrophysiologic, and histopathologic findings support a diagnosis of polyneuropathy and resemble the finding reported in young Dalmatians. Young dogs with laryngeal paralysis should be evaluated neurologically to rule out a more generalized polyneuropathy. The condition is suspected to be hereditary in nature and the prognosis is poor. In Dalmatians, laryngeal paralysis is associated with a polyneuropathy and is presumed to be a hereditary condition.* In Siberian Huskies and Siberian Husky cross, laryngeal paralysis also is believed to be a hereditary condition and is not associated with other clinical abnormalities. l o Laryngeal paralysis associated with pharyngeal dysfunction and ataxia has been documented in young Rottweilers.6 Laryngeal paralysis, clumsy gait, and cataracts have also been reported in a 5-month-old R~ttweiler.~ Polyneuropathies involving motor, sensory, or autonomic nerves may be caused by degenerative, metabolic, immune-mediated, neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and toxic diseases.L1 In this report, we describe the clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic findings in 5 young Rottweilers, 3 of which were siblings, with laryngeal paralysis-polyneuropathy complex. Lesions in these dogs were similar to those reported in Dalmatians,2 and in mature Rottweilers with distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy but without laryngeal involvement.1Z Lesions in the affected dogs were distinct from those reported in young Rottweilers with laryngeal paralysis and gait abnormalities presumed to be secondary to lesions of the central nervous s y~t e m .~.~ An 1 1%-week-old intact female Rottweiler puppy was presented with a 2%-week history of stridorous breathing and an abnormal gait. Ocular examination disclosed bilateral lenticular cataracts, corneal opacity, and pigmentation of the right eye. Physical and neurologic examination abnormalities included marked inspiratory stridor and mild generalized weakness with the hindlimbs more severely affected than the forelimbs. When walking or running, the pup occasionally would collapse in the hindlimbs. Postural responses and segmental reflexes were delayed in the pelvic limbs (Table I). The puppy was donated to the hos...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary modification in addition to twice daily insulin glargine. Cats were treated with insulin glargine twice daily and randomized to receive either a low carbohydrate, high protein (LCHP) diet (n=6) or a control diet (n=6) for 10 weeks. Re-evaluations of clinical signs, blood glucose curves, and serum fructosamine concentrations were performed at weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10. Two of 12 cats achieved complete remission by the end of the study but remission rate was not different between diet groups. Using twice daily insulin glargine and frequent monitoring, all cats in both diet groups achieved successful glycemic control. Frequent monitoring is key to achieving glycemic control in diabetic cats; potential benefits of dietary modification require further evaluation.
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