Materials and methods
Sample collectionThree-point water samples were collected from the waterside River Ogbor hill Aba as indicated in the map thus: The first point, Upstream, the second point, Downstream and the third point, Midstream. The water samples were collected using a properly labeled plastic containers and used without any treatment shown in Figure 1.
Animal study
Animal procurement and exposure groupsTwenty adult male albino rats (Rattus novergicus) used in this study were procured from the animal house of the Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were acclimatized for 2 weeks and then randomized (based on weight) to four experimentation groups with sample size of five rats. Rats in the Group A (Control) were sham-exposed to 0.5 ml of clean sachet water while rats in Groups B, C and D were respectively exposed to
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