No abstract

We present a new technology based on delayed release of perfume raw materials from new-to-the-world binary ionic liquid mixtures.

The vapour–liquid equilibria of organic molecules dissolved in ionic liquids revealed positive deviation from Raoult's law, especially with added water.

In this work, the vapour-liquid equilibria of binary and multinary systems comprising of perfume raw materials and ionic liquids have been computed using two different models: COSMO-RS, a solvation model, and UNIFAC, a group contribution method. For systems already well known in the literature, a comparison with experimental data was performed, and good agreement was observed with both models. Although UNIFAC was not applicable to nonparameterised ionic liquids, COSMO-RS proved very reliable in predicting the vapour-liquid equilibria (VLE) of solutions of perfume raw materials (PRMs) in new-to-the-world ionic liquids. This opens the door for the prediction and modelling of new formulations for novel consumer products, prior to embarking on detailed experimental investigations.

The degradation of benzaldehyde in methanogenic granular sludge was investigated in batch and in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. The effect due to the presence of co-substrates, such as Ha, sodium butyrate and sucrose, was studied using formaldehyde as a reference compound. The additional substrates enhanced the activity of benzaldehyde-and formaldehyde-degrading microorganisms (ACTbdm and ACTedr., respectively) and increased the transient production of benzyl alcohol and methanol. As a consequence, the concentrations of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde that caused 50% inhibition of the methanogenic activity (50% ICm) on sucrose were 3133 and 254 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/1 respectively, three times higher than the literature data values on acetate. Experiments performed in UASB reactors on benzaldehyde showed that the replacement of volatile fatty acids with sucrose as co-substrate improved the treatment capacity of the system from 0.73 to 4.36 kg COD benzaldehyde • m -3. day -1.