This paper analyses the signals propagation characteristics and the most important obstacles that encountered these signals when transmitted from outdoor to indoor (O2I) antennas for the college buildings. These buildings consists of several floors and built in the 3D form according to the real dimensions. In this study, we used measurement analysis and a ray-tracing simulation model approach based on the use of the Wireless InSite (WI) software. The use of different frequencies related to the fifth generation (5G) which are 10, 17, 30 and 60 GHz. According to the results that appeared, it is observed the increase in frequency will lead to an increase in path loss, decrease the received signal strength (RSS). There is an inverse relationship between frequency increase and delay spread and an inverse relationship between frequency increase and received power. In addition, we noticed that there is a direct correlation between frequency increase and path loss, where increasing frequency will increase the path loss, decrease delay spread and received power. Finally, the building’s barriers work on obstructing the direction of the signals path and dispersion of the received signal strength (RSS).
In this paper, we present a new design for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with four ports operating in wide and multi-millimeter-wave (Mm-Wave) bands for various 5G applications (including the internet of things (IoT), communication devices, and smartphones). The antenna is designed in a rectangular zigzag shape with slots to make the antenna operate at different frequencies. For this, the antenna operates at multiple frequencies from 38 to 62 GHz, so it supports all advanced wireless communication applications. The most important characteristic of the design is its small size and compact structure compared to designs presented by researchers in previous literature so<em> </em>the antenna dimensions for four elements are 29×49 mm<sup>2</sup>. The antenna performance based on the results obtained from CST Studio Suite is good since the reflection coefficients of the antenna resonate at six main frequencies are 39.128 GHz, 42.992 GHz, 47.384 GHz, 51.536 GHz, 55.472 GHz, and 59.288 GHz. In addition, the isolation value between all antenna elements is ≤30 dB and the diversity gain value for all frequencies is 10 dB. Moreover, a very small value was obtained for the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is <4.0576×10<sup>−11</sup>. Finally, the results indicate a favorable design and potential competitor for all 5G MIMO Mm-Wave applications.<br /><em></em>
The design of a millimeter wave (mmW) antenna for the 5G mobile applications is presented in this paper. The designed antenna has dimensions of 10×10×0.245 mm<sup>3</sup>. This includes the copper ground plane. The resonance of the proposed mmW antenna lies within the range of 33 GHz and 43 GHz. These frequency bands are covering the 5G proposed band in terms of the signal speed, data transmission, and high spectral efficiencies. Computer simulation technology (CST) software is used to simulate the proposed 5G antenna including the characteristics of S-parameters, gain, and radiation pattern. Simulation results show that the return loss at resonant frequencies goes -22 dB, which satisfies the requirements of 5G mobile technology.
The demand for the array antenna that consists of multiple ports has increased in recent years, because of its main importance in reducing noise and interference between users. In this paper, we propose a new method for designing an 8×8 (16-ports) multi-input and multi-output (MIMO) antenna. This method relied on the Micro Strip mechanism so that we presented a small antenna that operates at wide and multi-bands of millimeter waves (Mm-Waves). According to the information curves generated by the CST experimental software, it was observed that the proposed antenna operates well from 36 to 60 GHz. Therefore, the antenna achieved the best results in terms of many most important parameters, the reflection coefficient is <-10 dB, return loss is <-25 dB, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is < 2. In addition, the efficiency of the antenna for all frequencies from 70% to 97%, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is <0.001, and the diversity gain (DG) is 10 dB for all frequencies, while the maximum gain achieved by the antenna is 9 dB at 46 GHz. All these good results achieved by the antenna make it the prominent and potential element in most of the future 6G wireless communication systems.
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