Background and Aim: Space maintenance is an important process in the mixed dentition as a preventive measure for multiple malocclusion problems related to the loss of arch length. The awareness of parents and the satisfaction of children are two critical factors determining the efficacy of space maintainers. The aim of this study was to assess the level of parents' awareness of space maintainers in their children's oral cavity and the level of their children's satisfaction with these appliances. Materials and Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, a questionnaire was completed by 200 elementary school children, aged 6-12 years old, and by their parents, which was consisted of four main categories: 1) demographic data, 2) parents' occupation and educational level, 3) parents' awareness of the uses and maintenance of space maintainers, 4) children's satisfaction with space maintainers. Data collected from these questionnaires were analyzed in Stata 14 software. The significance level was set at P<0.05. Results: The mean awareness score of the parents was 57%, with no significant relationship with their educational level or occupation (P=0.819). The mean score of the children's satisfaction was 74%; however, the satisfaction significantly decreased with age (P=0.05). There was a significant correlation between children's satisfaction and the type of space maintainer (P=0.0001). Conclusion: The level of awareness of parents about the usage, maintenance, and advantages of space maintainers was average, whereas the satisfaction of children with the usage, maintenance, and comfort of space maintainers was high.
Aim: Adequate bone healing is a prerequisite for implant success. Leptin plays an important role in regulating energy balance, increasing the activity of osteoblasts and decreasing the activity of osteoclasts. This study sought to assess the concentration of leptin in peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) during the process of osseointegration. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 20 patients qualified for implant placement. Samples were obtained from PISF at 10, 30 and 60 days following the placement of implants. A sample was also obtained from the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) around a sound natural tooth in the opposite quadrant of the same jaw. The implant and the natural control tooth were isolated and samples of the PISF and GCF were obtained by inserting an absorbent paper strip into the sulcus for 30 seconds. Absorbent paper strips were then stored in microtubes at -20°C until the experiment. Samples were analyzed using leptin ELISA kit. Descriptive statistics were computed and the P value was set at .05. Results: The patients had a mean age of 45.1±12.6 years (range 21-68 years). The mean concentration of leptin in PISF was 1771.5±694.7 pg/mL at 10, 1675.9±423.9 pg/mL at 30 and 1651.5±608.6 pg/mL at 60 days. The mean concentration of leptin was 1754.9±625.2 pg/mL in GCF of the natural tooth on the day of surgery. Conclusions: Although leptin concentration varied and there is some difference in samples, it was not significantly different in PISF at 10, 30 and 60 days post-implantation.
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