The present data point to the need for population-tailored mutation screening strategies in genetically heterogeneous genodermatoses, based on the relative prevalence of the disease subsets.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers in cosmetic medicine have been considered relatively safe, though fillers used in European countries and throughout the world are not necessarily approved by the Food and Drug Administration. As their use continues to expand worldwide, physicians in a wide range of medical specialties are authorized to perform HA injections, including general medicine practitioners and even dentists. An increasing number of reports have appeared regarding side effects to these products. It is now known that reactions to Hyaluronic acid are related not only to technical faults of the injections, but also to immune responses, including delayed hypersensitivity and granulomatous reactions. Herein, we describe five cases treated by a variety of treatment modalities, all with delayed reactions to different brands of hyaluronic acid fillers. As there is currently no standardization of treatment options of adverse effects, these cases accentuate the debate regarding the approach to the individual patient and the possible need for pre-testing in patients with an atopic tendency.

Pseudoainhum is an infrequent complication in the autosomal-recessive keratodermas. We describe two related families in which the diagnosis of mal de Meleda keratoderma has been confirmed by mode of inheritance and ultrastructural findings. One family member, a 9-year-old girl, developed pseudoainhum which threatened the viability of her little fingers. This responded to treatment with etretinate. The treatment dilemma posed by keratoderma-induced pseudoainhum in children, i.e. the concern over the possible skeletal toxic effects of long-term etretinate treatment vs. the risks and outcome of surgery, is discussed.

The accession numbers for the reported data were inadvertently omitted. The authors apologize for this oversight and any inconvenience caused, and hereby provide the missing information:The raw and processed data are all available at ArrayExpress (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/) under the accession numbers: E-MTAB-5812 (for the results from the 7-and 12-week-old mice and for the in vivo treatment with LPS), and E-MTAB-5826 (for the results from the knocked down cardiomyocytes). The accession number for the causative sequence variation is available at ClinVar (https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/) under accession number SCV000579451.