This paper studies the energy efficiency of composable data center (DC) infrastructures over network topologies. Using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, we compare the performance of disaggregation at rackscale and pod-scale over selected electrical, optical and hybrid network topologies relative to a traditional DC. Relative to a podscale DC, the results show that physical disaggregation at rackscale is sufficient for optimal efficiency when the optical network topology is adopted, and resource components are allocated in a suitable manner. The optical network topology also enables optimal energy efficiency in composable DCs. The paper also studies logical disaggregation of traditional DC servers over an optical network topology. Relative to physical disaggregation at rack-scale, logical disaggregation of server resources within each rack enables marginal fall in the total DC power consumption (TDPC) due to improved resource demands placement. Hence, an adaptable composable infrastructure that can support both in memory (access) latency sensitive and insensitive workloads is enabled. We also conduct a study of the adoption of micro-service architecture in both traditional and composable DCs. Our results show that increasing the modularity of workloads improves the energy efficiency in traditional DCs, but disproportionate utilization of DC resources persists. A combination of disaggregation and micro-services achieved up to 23% reduction in the TDPC of the traditional DC by enabling optimal resources utilization and energy efficiencies. Finally, we propose a heuristic for energy efficient placement of workloads in composable DCs which replicates the trends produced by the MILP model formulated in this paper. Index Terms-Composable infrastructures, energy efficient data centers, MILP, micro-services, optical networks, rack-scale data center, software defined infrastructures. I. INTRODUCTIONATA CENTERS are critical infrastructures that provide platforms driving wide adoption of digital technologies. These indispensable infrastructures provide computing resources needed to run public internet-facing applications and private enterprise-critical applications alike in environments that support the requirements of cloud computing and data analytics applications. The requirements of cloud computing and data analytic applications include on-demand resource provisioning, multitenant isolation, parallel computation, and security. Examples of such applications include web services,
This paper evaluates the optimal scale of datacentre (DC) resource disaggregation for composable DC infrastructures and investigates the impact of present day silicon photonics technologies on the energy efficiency of different composable DC infrastructures. We formulated a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to this end. Our results show that present day silicon photonics technologies enable better network energy efficiency for rack-scale composable DCs compared to pod-scale composable DCs despite reported similarities in CPU and memory resource power consumption.
Suitable composable data center networks (DCNs) are essential to support the disaggregation of compute components in highly efficient next generation data centers (DCs). However, designing such composable DCNs can be challenging. A composable DCN that adopts a full mesh backplane between disaggregated compute components within a rack and employs dedicated interfaces on each point-to-point link is wasteful and expensive. In this paper, we propose and describe two (i.e., electrical, and electricaloptical) variants of a network for composable DC (NetCoD). NetCoD adopts a targeted design to reduce the number of transceivers required when a mesh physical backplane is deployed between disaggregated compute components in the same rack. The targeted design leverages optical communication techniques and components to achieve this with minimal or no network performance degradation. We formulate a MILP model to evaluate the performance of both variants of NetCoD in rack-scale composable DCs that implement different forms of disaggregation. The electrical-optical variant of NetCoD achieves similar performance as a reference network while utilizing fewer transceivers per compute node. The targeted adoption of optical technologies by both variants of NetCoD achieves greater (4 -5 times greater) utilization of available network throughput than the reference network which implements a generic design. Under the various forms of disaggregation considered, both variant of NetCoD achieve near-optimal compute energy efficiency in the composable DC while satisfying both compute and network constraints. This is because marginal concession of optimal compute energy efficiency is often required to achieve overall optimal energy efficiency in composable DCs. INDEX TERMSComposable data centers, disaggregated data centers, energy efficient networks, data center networks, MILP, optical communication, wavelength division multiplexing, optical routing networks, silicon photonic.
This paper evaluates the impact of using disaggregated servers in the near-edge of telecom networks (metro central offices, radio cell sites and enterprise branch office which form part of a Fog as a Service system) to minimize the number of fog nodes required in the far-edge of telecom networks. We formulated a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model to this end. Our results show that replacing traditional servers with disaggregated servers in the near-edge of the telecom network can reduce the number of far-edge fog nodes required by up to 50% if access to near-edge computing resources is not limited by network bottlenecks. This improved efficiency is achieved at the cost of higher average hop count between workload sources and processing locations and marginal increases in overall metro and access networks traffic and power consumption.
We study the benefits of adopting server disaggregation in the fog computing tier by evaluating energy efficient placement of interactive apps in a future (6G) fog network. Using a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, we compare the adoption of traditional server (TS) and disaggregated server (DS) architectures in a fog network that comprises selected fog sites. We also propose a heuristic for energy efficient and delay aware placement of interactive fog apps in a fog network which effectively mimics the MILP model formulated in this paper. Compared to a non-federated fog computing layer, federation of selected fog computing sites over the metro-access network enables significant reductions of the total fog computing power consumption (TFPC). Relative to the use of TSs in the fog network, the adoption of DSs improves the energy efficiency of the fog network and enables up to 18% reduction in TFPC. To minimize response time, more instances of interactive fog apps are provisioned in a fog network that is implemented over a network topology with high delay penalty. Our result also shows that the proximity of metro-central offices and radio cell sites to geodistributed users makes them important fog sites for provisioning delay-sensitive fog applications.
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