Recent advances in additive manufacturing made it feasible to fabricate products with desired shapes and features. Herein, a new, photocurable 3D printer ink mainly based on pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) is reported. To achieve rapid curing needed for 3D printing process, high performance water‐soluble photoinitiator, lithium phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), was emulsified in PETA monomers and this suspension was evaluated for its polymerization kinetics by exposing to 395 nm UV‐light. The distinct influences of LAP and triethanolamine (TEA) concentrations on photo‐polymerization and printability were examined and an optimum concentration for extrusion‐based 3D printing was found to be 10 mM and 1.62 M for LAP and TEA, respectively. Synthesized PETA‐based 3D printer ink was functionalized by dispersing magnetic particles/flakes into the mixture, and consequently, a magneto responsive ink was obtained to be used in specialized applications. A ring‐shaped structure embedded with micron sized iron flakes was printed as a prototype. This study presents a versatile photo‐curable polymer formulation with possible translation to high performance 3D printing of customizable shapes that can be utilized in a wide range of areas such as micro‐robotics and medical science.
Magnetic nanoparticles are key components in many fields of science and industry. Especially in cancer diagnosis and therapy, they are involved in targeted drug delivery and hyperthermia applications due to their ability to be controlled remotely. In this study, a PEG-coated Fe/Fe 3 O 4 core-shell nanoparticle with an average size of 20 nm and 13 nm and high room temperature coercivity (350 Oe) has been successfully synthesized. These nanoparticles were further tested for their effect on cellular toxicity (IC50) and proliferation by WST assay. In addition, their potential as anti-cancer agents were assessed using scratch assay in NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines.In previous reports, the IC50 values of the magnetite nanoparticles are reported at concentrations of 100 μg/ml and higher. In this study, IC50 value is observed to be at 1 μg/ml, which is significantly lower when compared to similar studies. In scratch assay, the Fe/Fe3O4 core-shell nanoparticle showed a higher inhibitory potential on cell motility in A549 lung cancer cells in comparison to the NIH3T3 cells mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This could be due to the accelerated release of free Fe ion from the Fe core, resulting in cell death. Consequently, data obtained from this study suggest that the synthesized nanoparticles can be a potential drug candidate with anti-cancer activity for chemotherapeutic treatment.
Fe16N2 is a compound with giant saturation magnetization approaching or exceeding that of rare‐earth‐based permanent magnets. The abundance of its elements and low‐cost synthesis of this compound has made it highly attractive to replace rare‐earth‐based permanent magnets that are becoming ever more expensive to utilize in applications. Herein, its synthesis from Fe flakes by surfactant‐assisted high energy ball milling is demonstrated. The synthesized Fe flakes are then reduced under forming gas (Ar/H2), followed by nitridation at low temperatures under ammonia (NH3) gas. The formation of Fe16N2 phase exceeding 50% by volumetric fraction is observed and confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and Mössbauer analysis. Following the Fe16N2 flake synthesis, extrusion‐based 3D printing is used to check the feasibility of incorporation of the flakes into functional polymer matrix composites. For this purpose, an ink of intermixed synthesized powder with photoresist SU8 is used. Using the prescribed method, a prototype Fe16N2 permanent magnet composite is successfully produced using an additive manufacturing approach. Such efficient production of Fe16N2 powders via routes already applicable to magnet production and the consolidation of the powders with 3D printing are expected to open up new possibilities for next‐generation permanent magnet applications.
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