Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are typically designed as a two-chamber system with the bacteria in the anode chamber separated from the cathode chamber by a polymeric proton exchange membrane (PEM). Most MFCs use aqueous cathodes where water is exposed to air to provide dissolved oxygen to electrode. To increase energy output and reduce the cost of Microbial Fuel Cells, charcoal electrode (locally prepared) at the composition of 2:1 charcoal/cement ratio was used. Ammonia fertilizer plant liquid effluent was used as the substrate, while the bacteria present in the wastewater were used as the biocatalyst. The cells were operated at room temperature with pH of 6.68. The anode and cathode chambers were kept under anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. The cell 3 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the highest power density of 134.5455mW/m 2 and current density of 181.8182mA/m 2 while cell 4 setup with electrode area of 3.63×10-3 m 2 was observed to have the least power density of 108.9807mW/m 2 and current density of 126.7218mA/m 2 .
The treatment of wastewater from a crude oil platform situated in the shallow offshore of the Atlantic ocean of Nigeria by two standard plants, namely the Wemco Depurator and the Red Fox Treatment Plant have not adequately reduced the levels of oil contaminants and odour to acceptable limits for discharge. A secondary treatment, based on the principles of the trickling filter was therefore investigated to complement the two plants already in operation. A bench-scale trickling filter was assembled and characterized using a mathematical model to understand the effect of hydraulic loading on the dimensionless BOD percentage reduction at various depths of the filter and to determine the operational characteristics of the filter when packed with a plastic medium of specific area 22.96 m 2 /m 3 of bulk volume. The filter was adequately described by the equation O.9 L / D 8 3 O.O e S = where s is the specific reduction in BOD, D is the depth of packing and L is the hydraulic loading.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.