Aims: To determine the microbiological quality of 5 brands of sachet water popularly consumed in Anambra state. Study Design: To validate the level of water treatment, and determine the type of bacteria and fungi contaminants, level of contamination and presence of resistant pathogens in the sachet water brands. Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected based on the popularity and availability from different cities (Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi) in Anambra state. Analyses of the samples were
Introduction Newbouldia laevis is a common plant of the tropics known as Adurukuae in Hausa, Ogirishi in Igbo and Akoka in Yoruba language. It is a medium sized angiosperm which belongs to the bignoniaceae family. Its bark is chewed and swallowed to heal stomach pain, diarrhea and toothache. (Lewis and manony, 1977, Amaechina. 2003). The extracts of this plant are used for the treatment of elephantiasis, dysentery, rheumatic swellings, syphilis, constipation, pile and as a vermifuge for round worms. It is also useful for the treatment of ear ace, sore foot, chest pain, epilepsy and convulsion. (Akunyili, 2000), The leaf, stem and fruits have been used for febrifuge, wound dressing and for stomach ace (lwu, 2000). The plant is a multipurpose one and its leaves, fruits and flowers, bark and roots have various medicinal value. Studies by (Oliver-Bever, 1986) revealed that the leaf and bark contain flavonoids, saponins, quinines, terpenes and steroids. Recent studies have revealed the presence of alkaloids, quinoids, phenyl propanoids amongst other chemicals. The usefulness of the crude extracts of Newbouldia laevis in pharmacological preparations is receiving far reaching attention. (Enitone, et al ,2010) carried out studies on the uterine wall stimulatory effect of the ethanolic leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis and concluded that the extracts have the potency of inducing the contraction of the uterine wall of pregnant rats. Usman and Osuji (2007) analyzed the usefulness of the methanolic extract in treatment of certain body disorder. Their work showed that the extract could be used to treat stomach disorder, diarrhea, dysentery and as a remedy for the treatment of wounds. Works by (Amechina, 2003) indicated that the aqueous leaf extract is potent remedy against dental caries. In her contribution, (Akunyili, 2000) related the treatment of sore foot, chest pain, epilepsy, and convulsion to the use of extract from Newbouldia laevis. Her views were supported by Iwu (2000) whose work indicated the usefulness of the leaf, stem and fruit of the plant for the treatment of stomach ache and for wound dressing, (Okwu and Orji, 2004) Works by (Tanko et al, 2008) has shown that the ethanolic flower extract of this plant has both antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. The flower of the plant has anti-diabetic activity. Usman and Osuji (2007) investigated on the leaf of the plant and found that it has good property and can act as a cheap antibacterial source.
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