This paper deals with the analysis of employment data of the 2008 economic crises. The analyses are done by using entropy measures that can help with predicting regional employment dynamics. Our finding suggests that the Shannon entropy and Tsallis entropy are significant predictors for the size of the employment downturn. The Rényi entropy is also a useful predictor of the rate of employment downturn in recession phase. When the Shannon entropy was growing through the recovery phase before the crisis, regions experience a higher rate of employment decrease in the following recession period and high Shannon entropy inferred the smaller employment downturn. The results indicate the different role of the Tsallis entropy that plays a different role in comparison to Shannon entropy. The higher the Tsallis entropy, the more severely the region was affected. In conclusion, the use of entropic measures as resilience indicators in terms of regional policy is a significant predictor of regional resilience.
The phenomenal story of China’s ‘unprecedented disposition to engage the international legal order’ has been primarily told and examined by political scientists and economists. Since China adopted its ‘open door’ policy in 1978, which altered its development strategy from self-sufficiency to active participation in the world market and aimed at attracting foreign investment to fuel its economic development, the underlying policy for mobilizing inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) remains unchanged to date. With the 1997 launch of the ‘Going Global’ policy, an outward focus regarding foreign investment has been added, to circumvent trade barriers and improve the competitiveness of Chinese firms, typically its state-owned enterprises (SOEs). In order to accommodate inward and outward FDI, China’s participation in the international investment regime has underpinned its efforts to join multi-lateral investment-related legal instruments and conclude international investment agreements (IIAs). China began by selectively concluding bilateral investment treaties (BITs) with developed countries (major capital exporting states to China at that time), signing its first BIT with Sweden in 1982. Despite being a latecomer, over time China’s experience and practice with the international investment regime have allowed it to evolve towards liberalizing its IIAs regime and balancing the duties and benefits associated with IIAs. The book spans a broad spectrum of China’s contemporary international investment law and policy: domestic foreign investment law and reforms, tax policy, bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, G20 initiatives, the ‘One Belt One Road’ initiative, international dispute resolution, and inter-regime coordination.
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