With the aim of increasing the efficiency of maintenance and fuel usage in airplanes, structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical composite structures is increasingly expected and required. The optimized usage of this concept is subject of intensive work in the framework of the EU COST Action CA18203 “Optimising Design for Inspection” (ODIN). In this context, a thorough review of a broad range of energy harvesting (EH) technologies to be potentially used as power sources for the acoustic emission and guided wave propagation sensors of the considered SHM systems, as well as for the respective data elaboration and wireless communication modules, is provided in this work. EH devices based on the usage of kinetic energy, thermal gradients, solar radiation, airflow, and other viable energy sources, proposed so far in the literature, are thus described with a critical review of the respective specific power levels, of their potential placement on airplanes, as well as the consequently necessary power management architectures. The guidelines provided for the selection of the most appropriate EH and power management technologies create the preconditions to develop a new class of autonomous sensor nodes for the in-process, non-destructive SHM of airplane components.
This paper deals with an energy harvesting review and analysis of an ambient mechanical energy on a trackside during a passing of a train. Trains provide very high level of vibration and deformation which could be converted into useful electricity. Due to maintenance and safety reasons a rail trackside includes sensing systems and number of sensor nodes is increased for modern transportation. Recent development of modern communication and ultra-low power electronics allows to use energy harvesting systems as autonomous source of electrical energy for these trackside objects. Main aim of this paper is model-based design of proposed vibration energy harvesting systems inside sleeper and predict harvested power during the train passing. Measurements of passing train is used as input for simulation models and harvested power is calculated. This simulation of proposed energy harvesting device is very useful for future design.
Energy harvesting is an important topic today. Complex monitoring systems with many nodes need energy sources and vibration energy harvesters (VEHs) could be one type of them. Mathematical model of the VEH is necessary instrument to estimate possible harvested power. This paper deals with piezoelectric VEH in setting as cantilever beam with tip mass. Traditional linear model of this type of VEH is simple, however, it represents the VEH only in one operating point and in another one (another amplitude of excitation vibrations) it could return wrong results. The nonlinear model of VEH is introduced in this paper with its parameters estimation. The nonlinear model is compared with linear model and experiment to demonstrate difference between them in amplitude frequency characteristics. Finally, the average harvested power from harmonic vibrations is measured experimentally and compared with prediction from linear and nonlinear model.
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