No abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of shear wave elastography (SWE) in the evaluation of testes in patients with varicocele. Methods: A total of 116 testes of 58 patients with left-sided varicocele and 58 testes of 29 agematched healthy controls were included in the study. The patients' testes were classified into groups A (normospermic) and B (oligospermic) based on the presence of oligospermia. The mean SWE values and volume of the testes with varicocele were compared with the contralateral normal testes of the patients and the testes of healthy controls. Results: The mean SWE value of the left testes in groups A (4.77±1.16 kPa) and B (6.15±1.96 kPa) exceeded that of the healthy controls (3.79±0.94 kPa) (P<0.001). The mean SWE value of the left testes in group B (6.15±1.96 kPa) exceeded that of group A (4.77±1.16 kPa) (P=0.002). No correlation was observed between testicular stiffness and the grade of varicocele (r=0.102, P=0.423). Conclusion: The testes with varicocele were stiffer than the contralateral testes and the testes of healthy controls, and SWE might play an auxiliary role to conventional ultrasonography in assessing pathologic alterations in the testis owing to varicocele.

A 16-year-old, spayed, female poodle dog was presented for evaluation of tenesmus, with the ability to attract male dogs and a willingness to mate. The dog had undergone an ovariohysterectomy when it was 7 years old. Haematological and serum biochemistry analyses demonstrated leucocytosis and a mild uraemia. A vaginal smear was predominantly made up of superficial cells, accounting for at least 80% of the cells. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous multicystic mass at the caudal abdomen and two masses with anechoic areas adjacent to the caudal pole of each kidney. A midline exploratory laparotomy identified a uterine mass and residual ovaries that were surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the mass demonstrated that it was a leiomyoma. The left ovary had a cystic structure and the right ovary had a papillary cystic adenoma. Seven months after the surgery, the owner reported that the dog was clinically normal. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a uterine leiomyoma after an incomplete ovariohysterectomy in the dog.

No abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different injection technique guidance with electrical stimulation (ES) vs ultrasonography (USG) of botulinum toxin A injection (BoNT A) in post-stroke patients with plantar flexor spasticity. Forty chronic post-stroke patients with plantar flexor spasticity and who were able to walk were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups: in 20 patients the BoNT A injection was applied with the guidance of ES and in 20 patients with the guidance of USG by the same physician. Gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis posterior were injected. Spasticity was evaluated by ashworth scale; the functional status was evaluated by ankle goniometry for range of motion, Brunnstrom stages, Barthel Index, and 10-m walk test before the treatment, 2nd week, and 3rd month after the treatment. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Two groups were similar in respect to demographical and clinical features. In both groups, walking speed and range of motion increased significantly after the treatment. When the two groups were compared at 3rd month after the treatment; range of motion of the ankle joint plantar flexion and dorsiflexion when knee in extension showed a significant difference between the two groups. Ashworth scale, Brunnstrom stages, Barthel index, walking speed tests, and other ankle goniometry for range of motion showed no statistically significant difference between two groups. We can conclude that USG and ES guidence are both effective injection techniques when applying BoNT A to ankle plantar flexor muscles.