Study Design: A retrospective study of 26 cases of human bite injuries at the Government Dental and Maxillofacial Hospital (now Maxillofacial unit, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital), Port Harcourt, within September 2011 and August 2016. Objective: To analyze the pattern, presentation, management, and complications of human bite injuries in the orofacial region. Methods: Information was extracted from hospital records of all victims of human bites to the face between the study period. Facial bites resulting from animals were excluded. Data such as age, gender, time lag between the injury and time of presentation in the hospital, nature and the circumstances of the injuries, site of injuries, and treatment outcomes and complications were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 26 patients within the ages of 18 and 60 years were seen during the period of study. They were all related to fights, which were all resolved out of court. There was a preponderance of females, and the lower lip was the most affected site ( p < .05). In all, 14 patients presented within 24 hours of injury and all but 2 (7.6%) patients presented within 7 days of injury. No wound was overtly infected. Treatments of injuries were varied from simple wedge excision and primary closure to complex multistaged procedures and were uneventful with acceptable surgical outcomes. Conclusion: Human bite wounds reported in this study were all due to social conflicts without legal redress. Although human bite wounds are considered to be dirty or contaminated but with proper wound debridement, antimicrobial cover and primary or immediate surgical closure results in very favorable aesthetic outcomes in all cases.
Study Design: A prospective study of 130 patients attending the Government Dental and Maxillofacial Hospital (now Maxillofacial unit, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital), Port Harcourt, between August 2018 and September 2019. Objective: To examine the factors that affect the occurrence of a bacteremia associated with oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, and the types of bacteria causing this bacteremia, and establish the need or otherwise for prophylactic antibiotics in, ‘at risk’ patients. Methods: 130 healthy adult patients requiring various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1: 100,000 adrenaline, were screened bacteriologically to determine the occurrence of a bacteremia. 5 milliliters of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein of each patient preoperatively and within 3 minutes postoperatively. The samples collected were cultured and bacteriological identification done and analyzed. Results: Bacteremia was found in 43 (33.1%) of 130 patients postoperatively. In patients undergoing extractions, bacteremia occurred more frequently when teeth were extracted due to inflammatory dental diseases. There was no statistical correlation between the occurrence of a bacteremia and the number of teeth extracted (p>0.05). Of the 70 isolates obtained postoperatively, 5 (6.4%) were aerobes, 51 (65.4%) were facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles) and 14 (17.9%) were anaerobes. Among the facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles), the most frequently isolated bacteria generawere species of Staphylococcus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (17.1%) and Streptococcus viridans (15.7%) and among the anaerobes, Bacteriodes spp. (8.6%) were the most frequently isolated. All the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, amikacin, imipenemand meropenem. However, 3 (30%) of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, which is a commonly used drug for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Conclusion: This study shows the occurrence of bacteremia in Nigerians following various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and that the observed bacteremia was not dependent on the patient’s age or gender. This study emphasizes the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in those patients who are at risk of developing complications from bacteremia. Amoxicillin as this study shows will not be an effective antibiotic prophylactic agent in a majority of patients. The author therefore recommends the use of azithromycin as an alternative prophylactic agent in those patients. Keywords: Bacteremia; bacteria isolates; antimicrobial prophylaxis; Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
The present case illustrates the management of an avulsion of the nose due to human bite under local anaesthesia with intravenous conscious sedation. The human bite injury of the nose though relatively uncommon presents a challenge to the surgeon especially where treatment options are limited because of the poor financial circumstances of patient. This case shows that despite these challenges good results can be achieved by making good and prudent treatment decisions. Clearly, the nose is worth restoring given their functional, cosmetic and psychological importance.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.