Introduction: By increasing the number of effective treatments, mania is still remains a challenging problem for health systems. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of risperidone and aripiprazole in combination with sodium valproate in bipolar patients with acute manic or mixed episodes who were hospitalized in Razi Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran. Methods: This study was conducted as a double-blind randomized clinical trial in two groups of bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes (age rage, 18-65 years). The patients were randomly categorized into two groups who received valproate with aripiprazole or risperidone. The clinical response was assessed by the Young mania rating scale and weight gain within 3 and 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, paired t-test and analysis of covariance and repeated measures. Results: The study participants had no significant difference in demographic characteristics. Evaluation of the treatment response after 3 and 6 weeks (50% reduction in the Young's scale) in both groups showed no significant difference between the two therapeutic combinations. The combination of sodium valproate and risperidone showed higher weight gain in comparison with the combination of valproate and aripiprazole at the end of the week 6 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The mentioned therapeutic combinations in the bipolar I disorder with a manic or mixed episode have a similar therapeutic effect. Also, there was no significant difference in their efficacy and both treatments can be used. However, due to the less weight gain, the combination of valproate and aripiprazole is recommended as a safer and more effective therapy in patients who were prone to weight gain.
"The objective of the current research was to analyze and compare the 4-gram lexical bundles from the three part-genre corpora. For the theoretical framework, Hyland’s (2008) taxonomy of lexical bundles was exploited. The corpus of the study consisted of 100 Master theses and PhD dissertations. The study was focused on abstract, introduction, and conclusion only and did not enter into other parts of the Master theses and PhD dissertations. The abstract part-genre contained noticeably more bundles than the other two part-genres. In addition, introduction and abstract part-genres contained the highest amount of research-oriented bundles. As far as participant-oriented bundles are concerned, it is the conclusion part that includes noticeably more of these bundles than the other two part-genres. Overall, findings of this research showed that in three major part-genres of the academically key genre of PhD dissertations and M.A. theses, i.e. abstract, introduction, and conclusion, it is the abstract that enjoys a high amount of formulaic language in the form of lexical bundles."
Today, despite of the improvement in the psychological therapeutic approach, mania still remains as a challenging problem for health system. The aim of this study is comparison efficacy of risperidone and aripiprazole in combination with sodium valproate in bipolar patients with acute manic or mixed episodes who hospitalized in Razi psychiatric hospital in Tehran. This study was conducted as a double blind randomized clinical trial in two groups of bipolar disorder patients with manic or mixed episodes (18–65 age). Patients randomly set in two groups who received valproate with aripiprazole or risperidone. Clinical response was assessed with young mania rating scale (YMRS) and weight gain at 3 and 6 weeks. Data was analyzed with Chi2 test, paired t-test and analysis of covariance and repeated measurement. Evaluation of treatment response after 3 and 6 weeks (50% reduction in Young's scale) in both groups did not show any significant difference between the two therapeutic combinations. The combination of sodium valproate and risperidone showed higher weight gain in comparison with the combination of valproate and aripiprazole at the end of week 6 (P < 0.001). The mentioned combination in bipolar I disorder with manic or mixed episode has similar therapeutic effect, so that both of them are effective and usable. There was no difference in their efficacy, and both treatments can be used. Due to the less weight gain, the combination of valproate and aripiprazole in patients who prone to weight gain, this approach is recommended as more safe and effective therapy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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