Background:Anorectal malformations (ARMs) disease is one of the congenital anomalies with an incidence of about 1 in 5000 neonate births, and treatment requires surgical intervention. Selecting the one- or three-step surgical procedure to treat the disease, especially in female neonates with rectovestibular fistula, is a subject of debate. This study aims to compare the advantages and disadvantages of these two methods.Materials and Methods:Forty female neonates with ARM and rectovestibular fistula between March 2011 and March 2013 were included in the study, and they were divided into two equal groups. Allocation of the first case was random, and all cases were then allocated alternatively (every other subject was assigned to a treatment group) until each group received 20 cases equally patients of study group underwent a one-stage posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) and in control group patients underwent a three-stage operation (colostomy, PSARP, and closure of colostomy). The complications during and after the surgery were recorded in both groups, and the results were compared.Results:In the control group, only one case (5%) of wound infection and dehiscence was seen, whereas in the one-stage study group, six cases (30%) of wound infection and dehiscence were seen (P value = 0.046). However, regarding the incidence of other complications, such as iatrogenic vaginal injury as well as final recovery, no considerable differences were seen between the two groups.Conclusions:Despite more surgical site infections and dehiscence in the one-stage repair, but due to the numerous advantages compared to the three-stage method, which is more time-consuming, more costly, and causes more adverse effect on parents and children, performing the one-stage repair is recommended for this anomaly.

Early oral feeding after intestinal resection and anastomosis in children is a safe method, it has many benefits and does not increase the major or minor post-operative complications (anastomosis leakage) long time fasting is not necessary and has not any beneficial effect and early feeding increases satisfaction of the parents and children, and reduce hospital stay and costs.

Abstract:The main objective for introducing this case study is to create a platform from which the importance of road traffic related injuries and traumas can be emphasized and discussed within and across various fields of investigation. The long term goal is to entice public campaign around unmet needs for higher road safety measures to reduce primary, secondary, and tertiary risks of injuries and traumas. Case:A 28-year-old pregnant woman with a 16-week gestational age fetus was involved in a road car crash resulting in multiple traumas. Evaluation and treatment was initiated in the local Urgent Care Unit and continued in the emergency department and operation room. Patient underwent the following procedures: laparotomy, diverting colostomy, terminating pregnancy, right calcaneal traction and long leg splint, as well as multiple irrigation-debridements. Finally, the wound was left open and the patient was admitted to Intensive Care Unit. We hope that the introduction of this case for a "Ground Round" discussion will stir up a comprehensive discussion regarding the injury and trauma related preventive measures as well as treatment approaches in cases involving pregnant women in car accidents, and will bring about a holistic overview of this issue by the experts in various fields.

Background: Umbilical vein cutdown in neonates as an important method of accessing vascular is very important in cases in which peripheral vein is not available and it is not possible to cut down another vein. The umbilical vein is believed to become thrombotic and lumen is closed and unusable one week postpartum. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all neonates who were admitted to the surgical ward of Mohammad Kermanshahi Hospital in Kermanshah, who needed emergency vein access and who were unable to have vein cutdown elsewhere during 2012-2014 were enrolled. The participants were divided to four age groups (one week to four weeks) and the possibility of umbilical vein cutdown was assessed in each group. Results: Of all participants, 25 infants were girls and 20 were boys. The umbilical vein cutdown was successful in 39 patients (86.7%), and failed in 6 patients (13.3%). The procedure was successful in all infants younger than 3 weeks old except for one case, while the success rate rapidly decreased after 3 weeks old. Conclusions: Umbilical vein cutdown was successful in infants under three weeks old and it was not possible afterward due to umbilical vein thrombosis. One-week age restriction for umbilical vein cutdown is questionable and requires further randomized trials with a control group to reach definitive conclusions.

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