Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS) is an uncommon autosomal dominant inherited disorder which comprises the triad of basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), odontogenic keratocysts, and musculoskeletal malformations. Besides this triad, neurological, ophthalmic, endocrine, and genital manifestations are known to be variable. It is occasionally associated with aggressive BCC and internal malignancies. This report documents a case of GGS with a novel mutation in the PTCH1 gene in an 11-year-old child. The clinical, radiographic, histopathologic and molecular findings of this condition, and treatment are described, and a review of GGS was carried out.
This paper investigated the incidence, types, and reasons for complications of orthognathic surgery (OS). Material and Methods: The sample consisted of the medical records of 250 OS (141 women; 109 men) patients from April 2011 to February 2017. This study retrospectively analyzed follow-up files, radiographic images, and surgery notes and then classified participants for gender, malocclusion type, OS method, and complication. Complications were classified as preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive data were calculated for each variable. Results: The mean age was 22.9±6.5 (minimum: 17; maximum: 55). The majority of participants (n=166) had Class III dentofacial deformity. Only 24 participants underwent Le Fort I osteotomy alone (12%). Participants had undergone bimaxillary (n=167; 66.8%), single jaw surgery (Le Fort I or sagittal split ramus osteotomy) (n=48; 19.2%), or other types of surgery (n=35; 14%). The patients were followed up for 12 months in the postoperative period. The only preoperative complication (4 patients-1.4%) was errors in planning (occlusal split incompatibility). The major intraoperative complications (38 patients-15.2%) were bad splits, heavy bleeding, and ruptured inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle. The postoperative complications (43 patients-17.2%) were infection, fixation-related problems, neurosensory and temporomandibular joint disorders, facial paralysis, nasal septum deviation, and malunion-nonunion. The total rate of complications was 27.2% (68 patients). Conclusion: OS operations are generally safe operations that can be easily managed, although they may rarely cause serious life-threatening complications.
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