A series of phenolic and saponin type natural products such as quercetin, rutin, catechin, epicatechin, silymarin, trojanoside H, astragaloside IV, astragaloside VIII and astrasieversianin X, were investigated for their inhibitory effects against the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). We here report inhibitory effects of these compounds against five α-CA isozymes (hCA I, hCA II, bCA III, hCA IV and hCA VI). Most of the phenolic and saponin type compounds inhibited the isoenzymes quite effectively at low micromolar K(I)-s ranging between 0.1 and 4 µM, whereas a few derivatives were ineffective (K(I)-s > 100 µM). The results were remarkable which might lead to design of novel CAIs with a diverse inhibition mechanism compared to sulfonamide/sulfamate inhibitors.
Two flavonoid glycosides (compounds 1 and 3) of which one is reported for the first time and a methylinositol (compound 2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Ebenus haussknechtii (Leguminosae). The structures were established as quercetin-7-O-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranoside] (1), morin-3-O-[4-[5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoyl]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 --> 6)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl]-7-4'-di-O-methyleter (3), and methylinositol (2) on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic means. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts have also been examined.
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