Lithium ion (Li-Ion) and lithium polymer (Li-Po) batteries need to be used within certain voltage/current limits. Failure to observe these limits may result in damage to the battery. In this work, we propose a low voltage battery management system (LV-BMS) that balances the processes of the battery cells in the battery pack and the activating-deactivating of cells by guaranteeing that the operation is within these limits. The system operates autonomously and provides energy from the internal battery. It has a modular structure and the software is designed to control the charging and discharging of eight battery cells at most. A STM32F103 microcontroller is used for system control. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is used to set the discharge voltage limit to prevent damage to the battery cells, shorten the settlement time and create a specialized design for charge control. The proposed structure enables solar panel or power supplies with different voltage values between 5 V and 8 V to be used for charging. The experimental results show there was a 42% increase in usage time and the voltage difference between the batteries was limited to a maximum of 65 mV. Moreover, the charge current settles at about 20 ms, which is a much faster response when compared to a PID controller.
GaN FET switches have opened new horizons in power electronics converters due to their small package size and their ability to provide high operating voltage-current values at higher switching frequencies. This study presents the finite element method (FEM) based thermal model of EPC2215 (VDS=200V, ID=32A, RDS(on)=8m) GaN FET switches produced by EPC company in small package sizes. Firstly, the test procedures determined by the JEDEC standards have been applied to the established FEM-based model. The thermal resistances of the switch from junction to case, junction to ambient, and junction to board have all been estimated using the FEM-based simulation model and compared with the thermal resistance values given in the datasheet. Afterwards, the thermal model of the EPC9099 half-bridge development board that uses EPC2215 switches has been developed. The power loss values given in the datasheet have been applied to the thermal model. As a result of the simulation, the regions where the development board was subjected to thermal stress were identified. Finally, the thermal map results obtained by the simulation have been compared with the thermal camera readings captured during experiments.
Devre ve kullanılan elemanların boyutlarını küçültmek, çıkış gerilimi dalgalılık ve darbe genlik modülasyonu doluluk oranını azaltmak için literatürde paralel yapıdaki yükseltici tip güç dönüştürücüsü önerilmiştir. Bu yapının yüklü ve yüksüz durumda kararlı çıkış sağlayabilmesi için çeşitli kontrol metotları uygulanmış ve performansları deneysel ortamda karşılaştırılmıştır. Tasarlanan sistem, integral, oransal-integral, bulanık mantık kontrol metotlarının uygulandığı gerçek zamanlı mikro denetleyici temelli bir geri besleme yapısı içermektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre bulanık mantık denetleyicili sistemin tepki süresi diğer yöntemlere göre daha düşük olduğundan dolayı güç verilen sistem için daha kararlı bir güç kaynağı olmaktadır. Interleaved boost converters proposed in the literature for reduce the size of the circuit and the amount of components, and to decrease the output voltage ripple and pulse width modulation duty cycle. In order to obtain a stable voltage at the output of interleaved boost converters, various control methods have been applied and the performances have been compared in the experimental environment. The proposed system consists of a real-time microcontroller-based feedback structure in which integral, proportional-integral, fuzzy logic control methods are applied. According to the results, the response time of the fuzzy logic controller system is lower than other control methods, so it becomes a more stable power source for the energized system.
DESIGN OF A REAL-TIME MICROCONTROLLER FOR INTERLEAVED BOOST CONVERTER
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