Our aim was to investigate the effects of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) antibody Bevacizumab on endometrial explants and on apoptotic gene expression levels in the rat endometriosis model. Endometriotic implants were surgically formed, and rats treated with (i) 1 mg/kg single subcutaneous injection of depot leuprolide acetate; (ii) 2.5 mg/kg of single intaperitoneal injection of bevacizumab; (iii) intraperitoneal injection of saline. Histopathologic scores and adhesion scores of endometriotic foci and levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Cytochrome c (Cyt-c), B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2) and B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xl) mRNA gene expressions of endometriotic foci. Bevacizumab treatment decreased the endometriotic explant size compared with control. Bevacizumab-treated rats had lower total adhesion scores when compared with the control group. Semi-quantitative evaluation of the persistence of endometrial epithelial cells in the explants showed a lower score in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist-treated rats compared with control rats. In Bevacizumab increased expression of Bax 3.1-fold, Cyt-c 1.3-fold and decreased expression of Bcl-2 0.4-fold, Bcl-xl 0.8-fold compared with the control group. The GnRH agonist increased expression of Bax 3.0 fold, Cyt-c 1.3 fold and decreased expression of Bcl-2 0.4-fold, Bcl-xl 0.8-fold, compared with the control group. This study suggests that a novel angiogenesis inhibitor, anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab is as effective as GnRH agonist in the regression of the endometriotic lesions in rat endometriosis model. One possible mechanism of this effect is the induction of apoptosis.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of post-wash total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) and semen volume on pregnancy outcomes in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. Material and Methods:The retrospective study included a total of 156 cycles (141 couples) and was performed in our center over a 24-month period. The semen parameters were recorded for each man and each insemination. The semen samples were re-evaluated after the preparation process. Post-wash TPMSC values were divided into four groups; Group 1: <1×10 6 ; Group 2: 1-4.9×10 6 ; Group 3: 5-9.9×10 6 ; Group 4: 10×10 6 and >10×10 6 . Post-wash inseminated semen volume was divided into three groups; Group 1: 0.3 mL; Group 2: 0.4 mL; Group 3: 0.5 mL. The effect of post-wash total progressive motile sperm and semen volume on pregnancy outcomes was evaluated. Results:The pregnancy rates per cycle and per couple were 27.56% and 30.49%, respectively. There was not a significant relationship between the inseminated semen volume and pregnancy rate (p>0.05). However, a significant linear-by-linear association was documented between the TPMSC and pregnancy rate (p=0.042). Conclusion:Our findings suggest that the post-wash inseminated semen volume should be between 0.3-0.5 mL. An average post-wash total motile sperm count of 10×10 6 may be a useful threshold value for IUI success, but more studies are needed to determine a cut-off value for TPMSC. (J Turkish-German Gynecol Assoc 2013; 14: 142-5) Key words: Intrauterine insemination, post-wash total progressive motile sperm count, post-wash semen volume, pregnancy Received: 24 May, 2013 Accepted: 02 July, 2013 Amaç: Bu çalışmada intrauterin inseminasyon sikluslarında yıkama sonrası motil sperm sayısı ve semen volümünün gebelik sonuçlarına etkisini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler:Retrospektif olan çalışma, 24 aylık periyodda merkezimize başvuran toplam 156 siklusu (141 çift) kapsamaktadır. Her inseminasyonda semen parametreleri kaydedildi. Semen örnek-leri yıkama sonrası tekrar değerlendirildi. Yıkama sonrası total progresif motil sperm sayısı dört gruba ayrıldı; Grup 1: <1×10 6 ; Grup 2: 1-4.9×10 6 ; Grup 3: 5-9.9×10 6 ; Grup 4: 10×10 6 ve >10×10 6 . Yıkama sonrası insemine edilen semen volumü ise üç gruba ayrıldı; Grup 1: 0.3 mL; Grup 2: 0.4 mL; Grup 3: 0.5 mL. Yıkama sonrası total progresif motil sperm sayısının ve insemine edilen semen volumünün gebelik oranlarına etkisine bakıldı. Geliş Tarihi: 24 Mayıs 2013 Kabul Tarihi: 02 Temmuz 2013 Original Investigation 142 Bulgular: IntroductionIntrauterine insemination (IUI) is a method that has been used for many years in the treatment of infertile couples. IUI is the first referenced assisted reproductive technique in mild to moderate male infertility. IUI is non-invasive, very simple and less expensive than classical in vitro fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). IUI success depends on many factors such as drugs, the timing and number of cycles and total motile sperm count after was...
Results:According the results of the Bonferroni post hoc test, there were significant differences in values of mean sperm count, percent progressive sperm motility, and total motile sperm count between 30 minutes and 120 minutes (p=0.000, p=0.000, and p=0.000) and between 60 minutes and 120 minutes (p=0.000, p=0.000, and p=0.001), but there was no significant difference between 30 minutes and 60 minutes (p=1, p=0.173, and p=1). Conclusion:This study demonstrated that sperm parameters are negatively affected from prolonged incubation time. A maximum 60-minute limit of the interval between the onset of postwash sperm incubation and IUI time may increase pregnancy rates. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2014; 15: 82-5) Key words: IUI time, sperm wash, semen parameters Received: 23 October, 2013 Accepted: 16 December, 2013 The effect of intrauterine insemination time on semen parameters
HbA1c and 1,5-AG alone does not have sufficient diagnostic accuracy to diagnose GDM. 1,5-AG values were correlated with post-load glucose values in pregnant women so will improve the GDM management and be useful to predict complications.
Objective: To examine cases of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) that were diagnosed and treated in our clinic regarding their association with fertility, and to detect the rate of malignant degeneration and the types of malignancies. Material and Methods: Patients who underwent surgery due to adnexal mass between April 2012 and August 2017 and were diagnosed as having MCT were retrospectively examined. The mean age of the 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria was 30.60±10.5 years. Nine had infertility according to hospital records. Sixty-seven percent of these (n=6) had accompanying endometriosis and MCT was bilateral in 55.5% (n=5). Malignant degeneration was present in 6.25% (n=5), all were monodermal tumors. Malignant degeneration was more common among patients with larger diameter adnexal masses (9.1±2.9 cm) and in those of postmenopausal age. Tumor markers were within the normal range for patients who developed malignancy. Malignant degeneration was not present among infertile patients with endometriosis. Results: Although MCTs do not seem to negatively affect the ovarian reserve, infertility is prominent in patients with concurrent endometriosis. During assessment, concurrent endometriosis should be considered. Imaging findings, large adnexal masses, and postmenopausal period are important for the assessment of MCT concerning malignant degeneration. It should not be overlooked because tumor markers may be normal. Conclusion: MCTs can be present concurrent with endometriomas. In such cases, infertility is more distinct. In MCT malignant degeneration, mass diameter, complex mass internal structure, and postmenopausal status are important factors.
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