For arterial and prosthetic graft infections, femoro-popliteal vein is an excellent conduit for vascular reconstruction after drainage and debridement of infected tissue and graft material under antibiotic cover, providing good long-term survival and limb salvage.

Non-traumatic vascular complications affecting the lower limbs include endofibrosis, stenosis/kinking of iliac arteries, dissection of external iliac artery, adductor canal syndrome, popliteal entrapment syndrome, chronic exertional compartment syndrome and effort-induced venous thrombosis. These are important as they affect athletes at the peak of their career and can be confusing to diagnose. The management is relatively well documented and produces good results in short term but the long term results are not known.

The 'extension technique' has been found to be a safe and effective procedure for prevention of DASS, with a good patency rate. Additional advantage of this technique is maturation of both cephalic and basilic veins.

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