Nerve-sparing techniques in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) have advanced with the developments defining the prostate anatomy and robotic surgery in recent years. In this review we discussed the surgical anatomy, current nerve-sparing techniques and results of these operations. It is important to define the right and key anatomic landmarks for nerve-sparing in RARP which can demonstrate individual variations. The patients' risk assessment before the operation and intraoperative anatomic variations may affect the nerve-sparing technique, nerve-sparing degree and the approach. There is lack of randomized control trials for different nerve-sparing techniques and approaches in RARP, therefore accurate preoperative and intraoperative assessment of the patient is crucial. Current data shows that, performing the maximum possible nerve-sparing using athermal techniques have better functional outcomes.
ÖZETSağlık/hastalık her ne kadar sadece tıbbın konusu gibi görünse de, sosyal bilimlerin ve özellikle de sosyolojinin incelediği konular arasında yer almaktadır. Çünkü sağlık/hastalık, sadece biyolojik süreçlerle açıklanabilecek olgular değildir. Sağlık/hastalık sosyal yapı içinde oluşur ve bütün sağlık sistemleri kendi tarihsel süreçleri ve toplumsal koşulları bağlamında ortaya çıkar. Sağlık, birbirine bağlı fiziksel, psikolojik ve toplumsal süreçleri içeren bir olgudur ve aynı zamanda sosyal bir kurumdur. Bu bağlamda sağlık/hastalık toplumsal yapıdan ayrı düşünülemez ve değerlendirilemez. Sağlık/hastalığın toplumsal yapı ile olan ilişkisini inceleyen sosyolojinin alt dalı ise sağlık sosyolojisidir. Sağlık sosyolojisi, sağlık ve hastalıkta sosyal sebeplerin etkisini kendisine konu edinmiştir. Bu makale sağlık/hastalık olgularının toplumsal kökenlerine vurgu yaparken, bir sosyal kurum olan sağlığa, sosyolojinin bakışını göstermeye çalışmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık/hastalık, sağlık sosyolojisi, toplumsal yapı, kültür, sosyolojik teori.
ABSTRACTAlthough health/disease is regarded as the subject of medicine, it is also one of the subjects studied in social sciences, especially in sociology. This is because health/disease is not a phenomen on that can solely be explained by biological processes. Health/disease develops in social structure and all health care systems emerge within the context of their own historical processes and social conditions. Health is a phenomenon which includes interconnected physical, psychological and social processes and is also a social institution. In this context, health/disease is inseparable from social structure. Health sociology is the discipline of sociology which studies the relationship between health / disease and social structure. Health sociology studies the effects of social causes of health and disease. This paper tries to emphasize the social origins of health/disease related phenomena, reflecting the sociological perceptive to health care, which is a social institution.
The results of this study show that PRP has a preventive effect on stricture formation in a UI model of rats, as shown by its effect on collagen synthesis. Further studies that eventually show the effects of PRP on human tissues are necessary and promising.
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