This study is a laboratory work to use a baffled stabilization pond for dairy wastewater treatment. The ponds consist of a storage tank, a baffled facultative pond and an effluent tank. The dairy wastewater was obtained from dairy research program, National Animal Production Research Project (NAPRP), Abdou Moumouni Dioffo University located in Niger. The pond was loaded for ten different detention periods namely: Three, Six, Nine, Twelve, Fifteen, Eighteen, Twenty one, Twenty four, Twenty seven, and Thirty days. The parameters investigated were the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen Demand (COD), phosphate , total solids , nitrate-nitrogen , pH, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Alkalinity , Bacterial count and chlorophyll a. The results which were the mean of six replicates showed that the baffled facultative pond performed good methods in the removal of the pollutants. The BOD removal efficiency in the baffled facultative pond were 6.
he current study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitrification device (straw or cryotop) and embryonic stage (4-8 cell or morula stages) on survivability, normality and in vitro embryo development rate into blastocysts/hatched blastocysts.Total of 24 mature rabbit does of Gabali breed (5-6 months of age, 3-3.5 kg live body weight) were used in this study as embryo donors. Rabbit does were superovulated by PMSG and hCG.Embryos at 4-8 cell stage were recovered by flushing oviducts 32-43h post-mating, while, embryos at morula stage were recovered by flushing oviducts 64-66 h post-mating. Embryos were vitrified by straw or cryotop. Survival and normality rates were determined.The vitrified embryos were in vitro cultured for 3-5 days to record blastocyst and hatching blastocyst formation rates. Results showed insignificant differences in survival and normality rates of vitrified embryos as affected by embryonic stage, although there were a tendency of higher rates yielded from embryos at morula than at 4-8 cell stage (87.7 and 89.2% vs. 85.9 and 85.2%, respectively). Survival and normality rates were higher (P<0.05) using cryotop than straw, being 92.1 and 93.1% using cryotop versus 81.7 and 81.0% using straw, respectively. Expansion and hatching rates were higher (P<0.05) for vitrified embryos at morula than at 4-8cell stage (80.0 and 71.5% vs. 66.0 and 54.0%, respectively) and using cryotop than straw (81.6 and 75.3 vs. 63.1 and 48.2%, respectively).The current study could be conclude that using the cryotop method to vitrify rabbit embryos rather than straw method at various developmental stages, particulary at morula stage.
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