Objective Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a threatening disease for African populations in the upcoming years because of the increase in their expectancy of life. Here, we investigated whether natural products from Chrysophyllum perpulchrum as catechin and two dimeric procyanidins (catechin + hexose) could prevent progression of oxidative stress and cognitive changes using an AD-like rat model induced by Aβ1-40 injection into the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Methodology Adult male Wistar rats were either microinjected with 1% ammonia as a vehicle (10 µL) or aggregated Aβ1-40 at 10 µg bilateral hippocampus. On the 14th day of post-surgery, some Aβ rats were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg i.p.) or with the Chrysophyllum perpulchrum extract (300 mg/kg p.o.), and some sham-operated rats received the extract alone. Cognitive abilities were tested with Y-maze, object recognition test and Morris Water Maze. Oxidative stress markers as well as the level of activated microglial cells were assayed in the brain. Results Aβ rats exhibited significant deficits of recognition memory and spatial learning. This was associated with an increase of microglia Iba 1 immunoreactivity as well as nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels but not to the thiol content in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and septum of AD-like rats. The Chrysophyllum perpulchrum extract treatment mitigated Aβ-induced cognitive impairments and reversed microglia overactivation and subsequent generation of oxidative stress markers. Interestingly, the neuroprotective actions of the Chrysophyllum perpulchrum extract seem to be comparable to the control drug melatonin used albeit with some more beneficial effects. Conclusion These findings are preliminary and should be strengthened by more pharmacological studies of bioactive compounds of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum before being proposed as a promising drug against AD.
Chrysophyllum perpulchrum is an endemic medicinal plant used in ivorian tranditional pharmacopeiaeas antipyretic to heal malaria fever. Since three flavonoid compounds have been isolated, catechin and two procyanid in dimers, we are proposed to testthe neuroprotective effectiveness effects using a rat model of Alzheimer Disease (AD). Adult Wistar rats were used as model.Sham-operated rats as controlwere injected by intracerebroventricular route (i.c.v) with1% ammonia(Group1), Aβ rats were microinjected with 10µg/side (i.c.v route, (Group 2)).From 14th day post-surgery required for neuro inflammation and oxidative stress induction,some Aβ-injected rats were daily treated with the extract (300 mg/kg bw, oral route, (Group 3)) for 21 days,sham-operated rats were treated only with plant extract (300 mg/kg bw, oral route, (Group 4)). Rats were then submitted to memory tests with Y maze, object recognition test and Morris water maze. Some oxidative stress markershave been assessed.AD-like rats exhibited significant recognition memory as well as learning and spatial memory deficits.The treatment of AD like-rats with methanolic extract of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum alleviated cognitive disorders by improving the memory recognition index and spatial learning strategy to find the hidden platform. Furthermore,Chrysophyllum perpulchrum extract prevented significantly Aβ-induced lipid proxidation through a decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex, and also helped to increase the non protein-thiol (NP-SH) antioxidant level.These findings suggest the neuroprotective actions of Chrysophyllum perpulchrum extract on AD-like rats. However,further pharmacological studies are needed to test ability of isolated compounds from Chrysophyllum perpulchrum to counteract full Aβ physiopathology mechanisms before promising to be a drug candidate for AD treatment.
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