Le traitement actuel du diabète est efficace dans la baisse de la glycémie, cependant le contrôle adéquat quotidien de la glycémie est très difficile à atteindre dans la plupart des cas, ce qui conduit à long terme à l'émergence de complications très sérieuses. L'essor récent de la phytothérapie offre une opportunité pour trouver des molécules naturelles susceptibles d'exercer des effets bénéfiques sur la régulation du métabolisme glucidique en évitant les effets secondaires des substances synthéti-ques. Le Maroc, riche par sa biodiversité et son climat, est une plate-forme géographique très importante qui mérite d'être explorée dans le domaine de la recherche de molécules hypoglycémiantes originaires de plantes qui ont pour longtemps servi à une grande tranche de population comme moyen incontournable de médication. L'objectif de ce travail est de présenter des données actuelles sur l'utilisation des plantes médicinales dans le traitement du diabète au Maroc.Abstract: The current treatment of diabetes is efficacious as far as the decrease of glycaemia is concerned, however, effective control of glycaemia is difficult to achieve in many cases and leads to the emergence of serious long term complications. Phytotherapy offers a valuable opportunity to discover new natural molecules with beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis and without any of the side effects currently observed in modern therapy. Morocco, with its rich biodiversity and climate represents an important geographical field for exploration with regard to hypoglycaemic molecules found in plants that had for a long time represented a source of medication for a large proportion of the population. The objective of this study is to present current data on the use of hypoglycaemic plants for treating diabetes mellitus in Morocco.Abstract: The actual treatment of diabetes is efficacious as far as the decrease of glycaemia is concerned, however, the good control of the glycaemia is difficult to reach in many cases. This fact leads to the emergence of serious complications. Phytotherapy offers a valuable opportunity to discover new natural molecules with beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis and without side effects currently observed with modern therapy. Morocco, with its rich biodiversity and climate represents an important geographical background to explore in term of hypoglycaemic molecules from plants which had represented for a long time a source of medication for a large population. The objective of this study is to present a precise and short data related to the use of hypoglycaemic plants for treating diabetes mellitus in Morocco.
RM APAE exhibits a potent hypoglycemic effect in normal rats and an antidiabetic effect in STZ-induced rats. This finding supports the use of this plant in traditional Moroccan medicine for diabetes management.
Objective: The aim of this work was to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of aerial parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) on blood glucose levels in normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat. The glucose tolerance was evaluated in normal rats. Moreover, the histological sections and morphometric analysis at the liver and pancreas have been carried out in this investigation both in normal and STZ-diabetic rats. Methods: The effect of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) on blood glucose levels was investigated in normal and diabetic rats (n=6). Histopathological changes in liver and pancreas were examined under phase contrast microscope and a preliminary screening for various bioactive constituents was realized according to standard methods. Key Findings: Both single and repeated oral administration of A.P.A.E (20 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels in STZ-diabetic rats (p<0.0001). The morphometric analysis and histological sections realized in pancreas and liver have showed the beneficial effect of the A.P.A.E in cellular population. According to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the aqueous extract has revealed an improvement of glucose tolerance in normal rat. Furthermore, the preliminary phytochemical screening of A.P.A.E of M. pulegium has demonstrated the presence of various metabolite compounds including polyphenols, flavonoids, terpenoids tannins, cyanidins, sesquiterpenes, and glycosides. Conclusion: We conclude that the A.P.A.E of M. pulegium (20 mg/kg) exhibits a potent antihyperglycemic activity in STZ diabetic rats.
Objective: Mentha pulegium L., an aromatic plant belonging to Lamiaceae family, is widely used by local population against diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antihypercholesterolemic effect of aerial parts aqueous extract (A.P.A.E) of Mentha pulegium (M. pulegium) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activity of M. pulegium A.P.A.E has been estimated. Methods: The effect of M. pulegium (L.) A.P.A.E (20 mg of lyophilized A.P.A.E per kg body weight) on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats (n=6) treated for 15 days with M. pulegium (L.) A.P.A.E oral administration. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH (1-1-diphenyl 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity. Estimation of total polyphenol contents in A.P.A.E of M. pulegium was determined with the Folin- Ciocalteu reagent by the method using gallic acid as a standard phenolic compound. Also, flavonoids were estimated according to the method based on the formation of a complex flavonoidaluminium. Results: The results show that 15 days of M. pulegium A.P.A.E oral administration alleviated hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats by lowering significantly (p<0.01) the plasma cholesterol levels without affecting the triglycerides (TG) levels significantly. However, no significant decrease in plasma cholesterol and plasma triglycerides has been shown in diabetic control rats. In addition, A.P.A.E oral administration has exerted some increasing activity on plasma HDL-c level (54.84 %), whereas the HDL-c level, in diabetic control rats, has significantly decreased (p<0.05). On the other hand, M. pulegium A.P.A.E showed a high amount of flavonoid (83.07 ± 0.58 mg EQ / g of extract) and phenolic compounds (239.08 ± 35.40 mg EAG/g of extract). Also, according to the DPPH radical scavenging activity, this aqueous extract has demonstrated a significant antioxidant activity. Conclusion: We conclude that 15 days of M. pulegium A.P.A.E oral administration exhibited a significant antihypercholesterolemic effect and has also demonstrated a not negligent increase in HDL-c levels without affecting the triglycerides levels. Furthermore, A.P.A.E exhibited a potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of M. pulegium A.P.A.E may be seemingly implicated in the antihypercholesterolemic effect demonstrated in this study.
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