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Lead present in several industrial wastes has deleterious effects on the quality of water. Cathodic deposition has been considered as one of the suitable means for lead removal. Experiments were carried out using a lab-scale electrochemical cell incorporating flowby porous graphite electrodes at steady state conditions. The effects of flow rate, current density, lead influent concentration and pH, on lead removal efficiency, current efficiency, lead removal rates, and cell potential, were investigated. It was found that the maximum removal efficiency (97.75%) was obtained at flow rate (100 mL/min), for initial concentration (40 mg/L), with a residual concentration (0.9 mg/L) and maximum current efficiency of (60.7%). In addition, the recovery of lead from wastewater was investigated.

Hard anodizing of different aluminum alloys 2014-T3, 6061-T6, and 7075-T6 is conducted in sulfuric acid electrolyte at a temperature of − 5 °C and current densities of 1.6 to 2.8 A/dm 2 for 30 to 60 min. The effect of substrate microstructure on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and morphology of the hard anodic layers is investigated. Electrochemical technique, thickness, hardness, and abrasion testing devices are used to test the corrosion and mechanical properties of hard anodic layers. The morphology and nanostructure of the anodic film are observed by SEM. The results show that the 7075-T6 (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) aluminum alloy has the highest hard coat thickness, hardness, and abrasion resistance. The Fe, Si intermetallic phases present in 6061 Al alloy hinder the oxide growth. The oxide layer formed on 2014 Al alloy has the lowest thickness, hardness, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance due to the high content of copper.