Scars are a fairly common complaint in the clinical setting; they can arise from trauma, burns, or after surgical procedures. They can have a detrimental impact on the quality of life of patients. A well-established method of quantifying such an impact is through patient-reported outcome measures (PROM). SCAR-Q is a relatively new and robust questionnaire that was developed and validated by McMaster University. Our study aims to translate SCAR-Q to Arabic. SCAR-Q has a holistic approach to scars and does not target scars of a specific etiology. It has three main components: scar appearance, psychological impact, and symptoms associated with the scar. This translation will enable data collection, analysis, and interpretation from a previously untouched demographic. This article explains the steps taken to develop an accurate and validated Arabic SCAR-Q questionnaire based on World Health Organization (WHO) and The Professional Society for Health Economics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR) guidelines. We were able to methodically produce a validated translation of the SCAR-Q into Arabic that should potentially allow data collection and feedback from a very large segment of the world population regarding the impact of scars on their quality of life.
This study examined whether depressive symptoms and/or diabetes distress mediate the association between relationship style and glycaemic control in women with diabetes. Seventy-five women with type 2 diabetes completed the Relationship Questionnaire. Participants endorsing "secure" or "preoccupied" adult attachment were combined into the interactive relationship style and "dismissing/avoidant" or "fearful" adult attachment were combined into the independent relationship style. Glycaemic control was a latent variable composed of A1c and 48-hr continuously measured glucose. Diabetes distress was assessed with the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale and depressive symptoms with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. A parallel multiple mediation model with relationship style as the independent variable, glycaemic control as the dependent variable, and Problem Areas in Diabetes and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale as mediators, tested indirect effects. Bias-corrected bootstrap with 10,000 replications was used to construct 95% confidence intervals. The indirect association of relationship style with glycaemic control through diabetes distress was significant (effect = -0.09, p = .036, 95CI = -0.19-0.01), but through depressive symptoms was not. A model testing the indirect association of relationship style with diabetes distress through glycaemic control was not significant. Results suggest that relationship style is associated with glycaemic control through diabetes distress in women with type 2 diabetes.
Non-Hispanic Black and White adults with diabetes may be more vulnerable to poor HRQOL compared to their Hispanic counterparts. Increased, widened application of diabetes interventions targeting depression appears warranted to improve HRQOL outcomes.
The following corrections to this article as originally published should be noted:In the first sentence of the abstract, "non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, and Hispanics adults with diabetes" should read "non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic adults with diabetes".
Subjects• Recruitment: Women were recruited from Connecticut, USA using state employee paycheck inserts, newspaper advertisements and list serves. • Inclusion criteria: Female; naturally postmenopausal. Women with T2DM were oversampled. Exclusion criteria: Current smoking, current substance use disorder, current mood disorder, known cardiovascular disease, and double oopherectomy.
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