This study empirically examined the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and tax sheltering of publicly traded tax aggressive companies in Nigeria. To determine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and tax sheltering, corporate governance mechanisms were measured with CEO share ownership, directors' remuneration, board independence and board diligence, while tax sheltering was proxy using effective tax rate. The hypotheses formulated to guide the study and the statistical testing of the parameter estimates were worked out using the OLS regression model using STATA V.15. The ex post facto design was adopted and the data for the study was sourced from the published annual financial reports of all tax aggressive companies classified under ICT Sector, Health Care Sector and Oil & Gas Sector of the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGL) covering from 2013-2021. The results indicate that corporate governance mechanisms having significant and positive association with tax sheltering of listed tax aggressive companies in the country. The study concludes that corporate governance mechanisms ensure tax sheltering for tax aggressive companies. The study however suggests that firms’ board should consider the percentage and proportion of CEO’s share ownership concentration, pay higher remuneration to the board members, increasing the number of independent directors in their board and also consider in composition of the board of directors, their level of expertness, expertise, intelligence and proficiency as these led to tax sheltering among the quoted firms in Nigeria.

Studies indicate that about 23 percent to 28 percent of the physicians working and residing in the United States, Canada, Australia, the UK and New Zealand were born and trained in the low-income countries, areas suffering from critical shortages of physicians and other health workers. In the US alone, the preponderance of the foreign physicians hails from South Africa, Philippines, India, Pakistan, and Nigeria. From Africa alone where the burden of disease, poverty, deprivation and death are greatest, around 23,000 qualified physicians emigrate annually. From the perspectives of the low-income countries, significant amounts of resources are, by necessity, committed into turning their nationals into vital intellectual capital for their own desperately needed health needs and crumbling healthcare systems. Thus, the migration of these physicians to other nations to help strengthen their already stable health care systems is not only ethically deplorable but poses moral hazards for both the physicians and the high-income countries. That is, high-income countries such as the United States, Canada, UK, Australia and New Zealand are draining the scarce recourses of the low-income countries through the loss of intellectual capital, a phenomenon that socio-economic and developmental experts have dubbed “the brain drain”.

The study examined the effect of bankruptcy risk on value of conglomerate firms in Nigeria. Ex post facto design was used and data for the study was collected from the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX Group) Factbook covering from 2017-2021. The design was used since the data is secondary in nature which cannot be manipulated. The study used key proxy variables of leverage (LEV), liquidity (LIQ), profitability (PROF) and firm size (FS) as a measurement for bankruptcy risk while firm value on the other hand, was proxy using net assets per share (NAPS). Four hypotheses were used in the study while regression model was employed in the data analysis. The results of the study indicate that profitability, liquidity, leverage and company size significantly impacted firm value in Nigeria at 1-5% significant level. The study concludes that bankruptcy risk has influenced firms’ value over the years. Hence, the study is crucial as it exposits the influence of bankruptcy risk on firms value in Nigeria. The study's outcome should be considered as a signal to company managers when considering their liquidity position, leverage, profitability and company size, as it could be an indication for corporate bankruptcy risk.

This study was carried out on impact of corporate diversification on the sustainability of healthcare companies in Nigeria. To determine the relationship between corporate diversification and organizational sustainability, corporate diversification was measured using geographic diversification (GEODIV), operational diversification (OPDIV), and product diversification (PRODIV), while sustainability, on the other hand, was measured using Kinder Lydenberg Domini (KLD) rating system on social-environmental performance. Ex post facto design was used and the data were collected from the annual reports and accounts of the listed healthcare companies in Nigeria for the period up to 2016-2020. The OLS model was used in the data analysis and the results of the study show that geographic diversification, operational diversification & product diversification have positive and a significant effect on corporate sustainability at a significant level of 1%. Therefore, the study concluded that corporate diversification ensures organizational sustainability in Nigeria. Hence, the study recommended that business organizations should engage in diversification (GEODIV, OPDIV & PRODIV) as this ensures organizational sustainability. Hence, proper management of diversification decisions is required, as over-diversification could lead to a deterioration in the company's financial performance.

No abstract