Despite their potential catastrophic impact, transients are often ignored or presented ad hoc when designing water distribution systems. To address this problem, we introduce a new piece-wise function fitting model that is integrated with mixed integer programming to optimally place and size surge tanks for transient control. The key features of the algorithm are a model-driven discretization of the search space, a linear approximation nonsmooth system response surface to transients, and a mixed integer linear programming optimization. Results indicate that high quality solutions can be obtained within a reasonable number of function evaluations and demonstrate the computational effectiveness of the approach through two case studies. The work investigates one type of surge control devices (closed surge tank) for a specified set of transient events. The performance of the algorithm relies on the assumption that there exists a smooth relationship between the objective function and tank size. Results indicate the potential of the approach for the optimal surge control design in water systems.
This paper presents a bi-level optimization approach for placement and sizing of closed surge tanks in the water distribution system subjected to transient events. This study considers minimizing the maximum pressure head under various transient conditions given a budget constraint. Bi-level optimization utilizes the hierarchical structure between decision variables. In the upper level, optimal set of devices are assigned locations, while in the lower level the optimal sizing parameters are attained. The two problems are iteratively updated and solved until convergence. The suggested method is demonstrated and tested on a small case study, demonstrating the potential of the suggested approach.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.