In this paper, a design, fabrication and characterisation of metasurfaces with the anisotropic response for millimetre waves (MMW) have been presented for the seamless, secure and low-loss high-frequency communication. Two frequency bands, 29 GHz and 60 GHz have been selected for the development of an efficient, cost-effective and broadband metasurfaces constituting an octa-armed star-shaped and symmetric dual orthogonally I-shaped structures respectively. Low-cost and highperformance nanoscale printing inks and pastes have been deployed in the screen printing technique in order to perform the fabrication of designed metasurfaces on the flexible films. Electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of the proposed metasurfaces are evaluated by using the state-of-the-art testing facilities to demonstrate their potential performance attributes in wavepropagation at MMW for high data rate communication links.
Design of a multiband circularly polarized antenna is proposed in this article. The antenna has a simple and compact form factor by employing single-feed stacked patch structure. It exhibits good performance at the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) frequency bands of L1, L2, and L5 and cellular communications frequency band of 2.3 GHz. The antenna has a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 1.1%, 1.0%, 4.1%, and 1.5% at the four operating bands of L1 (1.575 GHz), L2(1.227 GHz), L5 (1.176 GHz), and 2.3 GHz. The antenna also achieves a gain of more than 2.2 dBiC and efficiency of more than 70% at the four frequencies. A detailed parametric study is carried out to investigate the importance of different structural elements on the antenna performance. Results are verified through close agreement of simulations and experimental measurements of the fabricated prototype. Good impedance matching, axial ratio bandwidth, and radiation characteristics at the four operating bands along with small profile and mechanically stable structure make this antenna a good candidate for current and future GNSS devices, mobile terminals, and small satellites for 5G/Beyond 5G (5G/B5G) applications.
K E Y W O R D S5G/B5G, circular polarization, global navigation satellite systems, multiband, stacked patch, symmetric slots
Industry 4.0 is a new paradigm of digitalization and automation that demands high data rates and real-time ultra-reliable agile communication. Industrial communication at sub-6 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands has some serious impediments, such as interference, spectral congestion, and limited bandwidth. These limitations hinder the high throughput and reliability requirements of modern industrial applications and mission-critical scenarios. In this paper, we critically assess the potential of the 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) ISM band as an enabler for ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in smart manufacturing, smart factories, and mission-critical operations in Industry 4.0 and beyond. A holistic overview of 60 GHz wireless standards and key performance indicators are discussed. Then the review of 60 GHz smart antenna systems facilitating agile communication for Industry 4.0 and beyond is presented. We envisage that the use of 60 GHz communication and smart antenna systems are crucial for modern industrial communication so that URLLC in Industry 4.0 and beyond could soar to its full potential.
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