Actual local engagement with neoliberal conservation is remarkably complex and dynamic. This article advances a poststructural geographical understanding of this complexity by focusing on the spatiotemporally articulated rationalities and strategies of local communities in their encounter with Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation 'Plus' (REDD+), a form of neoliberal conservation. We integrate literature on 'technologies of resistance' and 'multiple environmentalities', retracing the progressive

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The distinctive species richness of the Tropical Rain Forest (TRFs) gives it a very high ecological importance. The TRFs also have economic and functional importance, which are of international and local dimensions. Cross River State (CRS) presently has about 40 percent of the remaining threatened TRFs of Nigeria. These forests harbor the largest remnant of comparably unlogged TRFs in the country. The areas covered by the forests are also homes to several rural and indigenous people. At least 75 percent of the total populations of the state live in rural areas. Cross River state is also renowned, worldwide for its ecotourism potentials. The ecotourism industry depends largely on the TRFs, in which species endemic to CRS can be found. Given the present threats posed by several old and emerging factors, this document is fashioned to present a description and compendium of the various forest resources of Cross River state of Nigeria. The major areas of focus include highlights of the forest types. Also considered were economic plants, including timber and nontimber forest products (NTFPs) as well as animal species found in the forests of Cross River state. The article also identifies the various threats to the Forests of Cross River State. In order to solve identified problems , recommendations proffered include need for provision of adequate funds by government, individuals and nongovernmental organizations aimed at better forest management ; employment of more and better trained forestry personnel ; and more efforts on planting of indigenous species to boost biodiversity was advocated.

Notably, the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) project is the pioneer Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) plant in Nigeria, aimed at both the diversification of the petroleum industry and utilization of the vastly flared natural gas resources of the nation. However, large scale energy projects have been known to generate both positive and/or negative impacts. Environmental Management Plans (EMP) have often been the compendium of information on approved mitigations, which normally include activities that could maximize the benefits of the host communities, and it's not unusual for the Community Development and Corporate Social Responsibility (CDCSR) department of such an organization to be saddled with these contributions. But the activities of Nigeria LNG Ltd.'s CSR department have often been the source of criticism, as well as aspiration for improvement by host communities and other stake holders. This article thus aims to present a comprehensive compendium of NLNG's CDCSR activities, up to the year 2010, and also highlight the level of satisfaction of the immediate and distant host communities against the level of performance of other donors in the area. Also the arrays of negative socioeconomic consequences of the Nigeria LNG Ltd.'s activities were identified based on community perception. The results generally showed that comparatively, NLNG project has made more innovative positive socioeconomic and health contributions to its areas of operation than the three tiers of government and other donors (including SPDC and Mobil Producing Nigeria). Surprisingly, agitations against Nigeria LNG Ltd.'s activities have not overshadowed its community development provisions, which have been of major assistance in several communities. There is however a dire need to review several aspects of Nigeria LNG Ltd.'s O. A. Akintoye et al. 64 CDCSR activities, especially in the fulfilment of documented promises, as well as in project conception and community participation, for better completed projects acceptance by indigenous host communities. Conflict management strategies also need to be improved, while the dissatisfaction over benefits in New Finima needs to be urgently addressed.

The main purpose of this study is to identify the socio-economic implications of re-current flooding on women development in southern Ijaw Local Government Area. Generally, flooding may result in socio-economic, ecological and health problems. This study assumes that on flood days the movement of customers and sellers tends to be hindered, thus resulting in the retardation of transactions and the reduction of daily income earned. The study compared the situation of female traders with that of male traders. Both primary and secondary data were used in this study. Primary data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire. A total of 83 questionnaires were randomly distributed to members of four communities, which were selected through stratified random sampling procedures. Also 33 randomly selected women and men respectively, engaged in marketing activities from open and locked-up shops, were sampled to observe the level of their personal income (in Naira), from customers patronage during 3 flood days and 3 non-flood days. Other data and information were obtained through Key Informants Interview (KII), and observations. Hypotheses I and II were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical model. Null hypothesis I (H0), which states that "There is no statistically significant difference in the income earned by men and women traders from marketing activities on flood days and non-flood days in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State", is accepted (F-value: 3.8723939, P-value: 2.494E−05), whereas null hypothesis II (H0), which states that "There is no statistically significant difference in the income earned by women traders from marketing activities on flood and non-flood days in Southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, is rejected (F-value: 2.524902, P-value: 0.030069). Thus while there is no significant difference in the earnings of male O. A. Akintoye et al. 34and female traders on flood and non-flood days, there are significant differences in sales earning among women traders on those days. Factors affecting trading income on flood and non-flood days include accessibility to business premises by customers, ability of male marketers to afford noneasily flooded business premises; and women traders with limited resources often have less suitably drained premises. Reduced total household income can detrimentally affect food affordability, availability, household nutrition, family health and wellbeing. Recommendations highlighting the roles of communities, government and stakeholders in flood management are proffered.