Buildings are responsible for over 40% of the global energy consumption in recent times. This has led to the advancement of various strategies for ensuring that building can still perform optimally with a reduce energy consumption level. Designers of modern building structure need to develop a new approach towards harnessing the attributes of nature and its immediate environment in order to achieve a great level of indoor comfort to the users. The concept of passive design planning and strategies has been known to achieve such thermal performance in building a structure and reducing energy consumption to the barest minimum. The study aims at conducting an assessment on the knowledge level of Architects conducting business in Lagos State of passive design strategies in terminal buildings. The study was a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 128 randomly selected registered architectural firms located in Lagos. Descriptive statistics were conducted on the data and the result was presented using Table. The study revealed that Architects in Lagos state have good knowledge about passive design strategies in terminal buildings as all the mean scores were above 3.0. While, building orientation, daylighting, natural ventilation and proper landscaping were identified as the most important among the strategies employed for the passive design of terminal buildings in the achievement of users’ thermal comfort and towards the accomplishing reduced use of mechanical technologies.

We consider how the student recruitment process might be improved to optimize performance with particular reference to the clearing process. A Design Science Research (DSR) methodology was used which entails learning through artefact production and data was collected from interviews, observation and document analysis. The logic of the clearing process was modelled using a process-oriented modelling technique. An 'As Is' clearing process model was created to analyze the process, and a 'To Be' clearing process model developed. The improved model has been verified by domain experts and promises to enhance the clearing process in terms of cost saving and resource utilization.

Business process improvement evaluation enables performance indicators to be used alongside process improvement techniques in order to quantitatively compare measurement information between the as-is and to-be processes. Limitations of the present methods of business process improvement indicate there is scope for looking at the problem in a different way. Business processes are commonly modelled as diagrams which at their fundamental level are complex networks. This suggests the question as to whether complex network analysis (CNA) has anything to contribute to business process improvement. We develop a technique of projecting a business process model onto the sub-space of a complex network and identify the measurable concepts that can be useful in business process improvement. The measurable concepts from CNA are combined with Time and Cost metrics from the simulation technique to visualize and track improvement efforts and satisfy improvement requirements. CCS Concepts • Applied Computing ➝ Enterprise computing • Business process management ➝ Business process modeling. Keywords Process modeling; measurable concepts; business process improvement; BPMN; complex network analysis. Execution Time Measures Complexity Functionality Quality Quality Coupling Usability Entropy Reliability Density Effectiveness Cohesion Efficiency Modifiability Cycle time Most of the measures in Table 1 are adapted from software engineering but many of them lack empirical validation [4][5]. There is no standard set of metrics that can be used to measure improvement. Other authors have favored metrics such as quality [6], complexity [7], the Quadrangle comprising of Time, Cost, Quality and Flexibility [8].

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